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Cited by 104 publications
(58 citation statements)
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References 66 publications
(61 reference statements)
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“…CAs contain Zn 2+ in their active site, coordinated by three histidine residues and a water molecule/ hydroxide ion (in the a-and g-CAs) or two Cys and one His residues (in the b class), with the fourth ligand being a water molecule/hydroxide ion 22,23,27 . In the Z-CAs, the coordination pattern of the Zn(II) ion is totally different from the other classes, with one Gln and two His acting as ligands 21 . It has been demonstrated that in many pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and protozoa), CAs are essential for their life cycle 2 and their inhibition can lead to growth impairment and defects 22 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 98%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…CAs contain Zn 2+ in their active site, coordinated by three histidine residues and a water molecule/ hydroxide ion (in the a-and g-CAs) or two Cys and one His residues (in the b class), with the fourth ligand being a water molecule/hydroxide ion 22,23,27 . In the Z-CAs, the coordination pattern of the Zn(II) ion is totally different from the other classes, with one Gln and two His acting as ligands 21 . It has been demonstrated that in many pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and protozoa), CAs are essential for their life cycle 2 and their inhibition can lead to growth impairment and defects 22 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…CAs are also found in plants, fungi, algae, protozoa, cyanobacteria and bacteria 8,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25] . Six different, genetically distinct CA families are known to date: a-, b-, g-, d-, z-and Z-CAs 8,20,22 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Based on their structural features, they are grouped into seven different classes, namely a-, b-, c-, d-, f-, g-and h-CAs. a-CAs are predominantly expressed in vertebrates, bacteria, algae and cytoplasm of green plants, b-CAs in bacteria, algae and chloroplasts, c-CAs in archaea and some bacteria, d-and f-CAs in some marine diatoms, g-CAs only in the protozoan parasite Plasmodium spp., whereas the recently discovered h-class has been so far found only into the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . Humans encode 12 catalytically active a-CA isozymes, which differ in molecular features, oligomeric arrangement, kinetic properties and cellular localisation, with isoforms I, II, III, VII and XIII localised in the cytosol, CA IV, IX, XII and XIV associated with the cell membrane, CA VA and VB confined in mitochondria, and CA VI secreted in saliva and milk 1 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The metal ion from the enzyme active site is coordinated by three His residues in the α-, γ-,δ-and θ-classes, by one His, and two Cys residues in β-and ζ-CAs or by two His and one Gln residues in η-class with the fourth ligand being a water molecule/hydroxide ion acting as nucleophile in the catalytic cycle of the enzyme [9,12,17,25]. The α-, β-, δ-and, probably η-and θ-CAs use Zn(II) ions at the active site, γ-CAs are Fe(II) enzymes but they are active also with bound Zn(II) or Co(II) ions, whereas ζ-class uses Cd(II) or Zn(II) to perform the physiologic reaction catalysis [6,9,12,17,26,27].…”
Section: Carbonic Anhydrasesmentioning
confidence: 99%