The XMM-Newton serendipitous survey

Barcons, X.; Carrera, Francisco J.; Watson, M. G.; McMahon, R. G.; Aschenbach, B.; Freyberg, M. J.; Page, K. L.; Page, M. J.; Roberts, T. P.; Turner, Martin; Barret, D.; Brunner, H.; Ceballos, M. T.; Ceca, R. Della; Guillout, P.; Hasinger, G.; Maccacaro, T.; Mateos, S.; Motch, C.; Negueruela, I.; Osborne, J. P.; Pérez-Fournón, I.; Schwope, A. D.; Severgnini, P.; Szokoly, G.; Webb, N.; Wheatley, P. J.; Worrall, D. M.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011615

Cited by 64 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Using a fixed spectral slope of Γ = 1.9 we detected substantial X-ray absorption in all sources with typical measured column densities N H ∼ a few × 10 22 cm −2 . Previous studies of type-1 AGN selected in the optical (Piconcelli et al 2005) and X-ray band (Mainieri et al 2007;Page et al 2006;Mateos et al 2005b;Mateos et al 2005a;Caccianiga et al 2004;Perola et al 2004;Barcons et al 2002) report a fraction of absorbed type-1 AGN of 10% or less, i.e. marginally higher than our reported value, however most of these studies used lower confidence thresholds when applying the F-test.…”

Section: X-ray Absorptioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

The XMM-NewtonWide Angle Survey (XWAS): the X-ray spectrum of type-1 AGN

Mateos¹,

Carrera

Page

et al. 2010

A&A

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Aims. We discuss the broad band X-ray properties of one of the largest samples of X-ray selected type-1 AGN to date (487 objects in total), drawn from the XMM-Newton Wide Angle Survey (XWAS). The objects presented in this work cover 2−10 keV (rest-frame) luminosities from ∼10 42 −10 45 erg s −1 and are detected up to redshift ∼4. We constrain the overall properties of the broad band continuum, soft excess and X-ray absorption, along with their dependence on the X-ray luminosity and redshift. We discuss the implications for models of AGN emission. Methods. We fitted the observed 0.2−12 keV broad band spectra with various models to search for X-ray absorption and soft excess. The F-test was used with a significance threshold of 99% to statistically accept the detection of additional spectral components. Results. We constrained the mean spectral index of the broad band X-ray continuum to Γ = 1.96 ± 0.02 with intrinsic dispersion σ Γ = 0.27 +0.01 −0.02 . The continuum becomes harder at faint fluxes and at higher redshifts and hard (2−10 keV) luminosities. The dependence of Γ with flux is likely due to undetected absorption rather than to spectral variation. We found a strong dependence of the detection efficiency of objects on the spectral shape. We expect this effect to have an impact on the measured mean continuum shapes of sources at different redshifts and luminosities. We detected excess absorption in > ∼ 3% of our objects, with rest-frame column densities ∼a few ×10 22 cm −2 . The apparent mismatch between the optical classification and X-ray properties of these objects is a challenge for the standard orientation-based AGN unification model. We found that the fraction of objects with detected soft excess is ∼36%. Using a thermal model, we constrained the soft excess mean rest-frame temperature and intrinsic dispersion to kT ∼ 100 eV and σ kT ∼ 34 eV. The origin of the soft excess as thermal emission from the accretion disk or Compton scattered disk emission is ruled out on the basis of the temperatures detected and the lack of correlation of the soft excess temperature with the hard X-ray luminosity over more than 2 orders of magnitude in luminosity. Furthermore, the high luminosities of the soft excess rule out an origin in the host galaxy.

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Section: X-ray Absorptioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

The XMM-NewtonWide Angle Survey (XWAS): the X-ray spectrum of type-1 AGN

Mateos¹,

Carrera

Page

et al. 2010

A&A

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“…We propose that clusters A and B are physically associated with each other, forming a double cluster with projected separation in the plane of the sky of 3 Mpc. A literature redshift of z = 0.932 from the XMM-Newton Serendipitous Survey (Barcons et al 2002) for a BL Lac object 75 to the SW of cluster B supports the idea of a large-scale structure filament along the axis of the two systems. Currently, only two X-ray luminous double clusters at higher redshifts are reported in the literature (Hashimoto et al 2005;Nakata et al 2005).…”

Section: Associated Large-scale Structure Environmentmentioning

confidence: 65%

Indications for 3 Mpc-scale large-scale structure associated with an X-ray luminous cluster of galaxies at z = 0.95

Fassbender

Böhringer

Lamer

et al. 2008

A&A

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Context. X-ray luminous clusters of galaxies at z ∼ 1 are emerging as major cosmological probes and are fundamental tools to study the cosmic large-scale structure and environmental effects of galaxy evolution at large look-back times. Aims. We present details of the newly-discovered galaxy cluster XMMU J0104.4-0630 at z = 0.947 and a probable associated system in the LSS environment. Methods. The clusters were found in a systematic study for high-redshift systems using deep archival XMM-Newton data for the serendipitous detection and the X-ray analysis, complemented by optical/near-infrared (NIR) imaging observations and spectroscopy of the main cluster. Results. We find a well-evolved, intermediate luminosity cluster with L 0.5−2.0 keV X = (6.4 ± 1.3) × 10 43 h −2 70 erg s −1 and strong central 1.4 GHz radio emission. The cluster galaxy population exhibits a pronounced transition toward bluer colors at cluster-centric distances of 1−2 core radii, consistent with an age difference of 1−2 Gyr for a single burst solar metallicity model. The second, less evolved X-ray cluster at a projected distance of 6.4 (∼3 Mpc) and a concordant red-sequence color likely forms a cluster-cluster bridge with the main target as part of its surrounding large-scale structure at z 0.95.

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“…This is because surveys at fluxes in the range 10 À12 to 10 À11 ergs cm À2 s À1 in the 2-10 keV energy band, in which some hundreds of deg 2 need to be covered, are still missing. These surveys are in progress with XMM-Newton (see, e.g., Barcons et al 2002).…”

Section: The Other Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

TheBeppoSAXHigh‐Energy Large‐Area Survey. V. The Nature of the Hard X‐Ray Source Population and Its Evolution

Franca

Fiore

Vignali

et al. 2002

ApJ

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We present optical spectroscopic identifications of hard X-ray (5-10 keV) selected sources belonging to the High-Energy Large-Area Survey sample obtained with BeppoSAX down to a 5-10 keV flux limit of f 5 10 keV $ 3 Â 10 À14 ergs cm À2 s À1 . The sample consists of 118 sources. There are 25 sources that have been identified through correlations with catalogs of known sources. A spectroscopic identification for 49 more has been searched for with the telescope. The results of 13 fields were empty down to R ¼ 21. There were 37 sources identified as type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and nine as type 2 AGNs. The remaining sources are five narrow emission-line galaxies, six clusters, two BL Lac objects, one radio galaxy, and one star. Combining these objects with other hard X-ray selected AGNs from ASCA and HEAO 1, we find that the local luminosity function of type 1 AGNs (AGN 1s) in the 2-10 keV band is fairly well represented by a double power law function. There is evidence for significant cosmological evolution according to a pure luminosity evolution (PLE) model [L X ðzÞ / ð1 þ zÞ k ], with k ¼ 2:12 and 2.22 ( k ' 0:14) in a ð m ; Þ ¼ ð1:0; 0:0Þ and a ð m ; Þ ¼ ð0:3; 0:7Þ cosmology, respectively. The data show an excess of faint high-redshift type AGN 1s, which is well modeled by a luminosity-dependent density evolution (LDDE), similar to what is observed in soft X-rays. However, in both cosmologies, the statistics are not significant enough to distinguish between the PLE and LDDE models. The fitted models imply a contribution of AGN 1s to the 2-10 keV X-ray background from 35% up to 60%.

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The XMM-Newton serendipitous survey

Cited by 64 publications

References 35 publications

The XMM-NewtonWide Angle Survey (XWAS): the X-ray spectrum of type-1 AGN

The XMM-NewtonWide Angle Survey (XWAS): the X-ray spectrum of type-1 AGN

Indications for 3 Mpc-scale large-scale structure associated with an X-ray luminous cluster of galaxies at z = 0.95

TheBeppoSAXHigh‐Energy Large‐Area Survey. V. The Nature of the Hard X‐Ray Source Population and Its Evolution

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