The work function of gold

Sachtler, Wolfgang M.H.; Dorgelo, G. J. H.; Holscher, A. A.

doi:10.1016/0039-6028(66)90083-5

Cited by 212 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Graphite has a work function of $4.4 eV, [50] which is 0.9 eV lower than that of Au. [51] Consequently, there is a low holeinjection barrier between graphene and organic layers. Both the excellent interface contact and the reduced injection barrier could result in the high-performance behaviors of the nanodevices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Photoresponsive Organic Nanotransistors with Single‐Layer Graphenes as Two‐Dimensional Electrodes

Cao

Liu

Shen

et al. 2009

Adv Funct Materials

115

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Graphene behaves as a robust semimetal with the high electrical conductivity stemming from its high‐quality tight two‐dimensional crystallographic lattice. It is therefore a promising electrode material. Here, a general methodology for making stable photoresponsive field effect transistors, whose device geometries are comparable to traditional macroscopic semiconducting devices at the nanometer scale, using cut graphene sheets as 2D contacts is detailed. These contacts are produced through oxidative cutting of individual 2D planar graphene by electron beam lithography and oxygen plasma etching. Nanoscale organic transistors based on graphene contacts show high‐performance FET behavior with bulk‐like carrier mobility, high on/off current ratio, and high reproducibility. Due to the presence of photoactive molecules, the devices display reversible changes in current when they are exposed to visible light. The calculated responsivity of the devices is found to be as high as ∼8.3 A W−1. This study forms the basis for making new types of ultrasensitive molecular devices, thus initiating broad research interest in the field of nanoscale/molecular electronics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Photoresponsive Organic Nanotransistors with Single‐Layer Graphenes as Two‐Dimensional Electrodes

Cao

Liu

Shen

et al. 2009

Adv Funct Materials

115

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“…Several studies indicate that the MoS 2 work function (Φ S ) varies between 4.5 and 5.4 eV, 24-28 the electron affinity (χ) is reported to be ~4.3 eV, 23,32 and the work function reported for Au (Φ M ) ranges between 4.9 and 5.5 eV. [29][30][31] Figure 1 illustrates the proposed energy band alignment at the Au/MoS 2 interface with the work function variability reported above. 17,19 Both n-and p-type behavior were observed on the bare surface and after metal deposition.…”

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confidence: 78%

Impurities and Electronic Property Variations of Natural MoS₂Crystal Surfaces

et al. 2015

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Room temperature X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), high resolution Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (HR-RBS), Kelvin probe method, and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) are employed to study the properties of a freshly exfoliated surface of geological MoS2 crystals. Our findings reveal that the semiconductor 2H-MoS2 exhibits both n- and p-type behavior, and the work function as measured by the Kelvin probe is found to vary from 4.4 to 5.3 eV. The presence of impurities in parts-per-million (ppm) and a surface defect density of up to 8% of the total area could explain the variation of the Fermi level position. High resolution RBS data also show a large variation in the MoSx composition (1.8 < x < 2.05) at the surface. Thus, the variation in the conductivity, the work function, and stoichiometry across small areas of MoS2 will have to be controlled during crystal growth in order to provide high quality uniform materials for future device fabrication.

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“…In gold, the localized surface plasmon resonance typically lies between 400 and 800 nm depending on geometry. Photoelectrons emitted directly from gold at this wavelength are the result of a 4PPE process, with an excess energy of ∼1 eV above the threshold of 4.5-5.3 eV [188][189][190]. A non-plasmonic, optical antenna response is also possible across a wider spectrum of wavelengths, but is highly sensitive to the nanostructure geometry.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aberration Corrected Photoemission Electron Microscopy with Photonics Applications

Fitzgerald¹

2000

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Photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) uses photoelectrons excited from material surfaces by incident photons to probe the interaction of light with surfaces with nanometer-scale resolution. The point resolution of PEEM images is strongly limited by spherical and chromatic aberration. Image aberrations primarily originate from the acceleration of photoelectrons and imaging with the objective lens and vary strongly in magnitude with specimen emission characteristics. Spherical and chromatic aberration can be corrected with an electrostatic mirror, and here I develop a triode mirror with hyperbolic geometry that has two adjacent, field-adjustable regions. I present analytic and numerical models of the mirror and show that the optical properties agree to within a few percent. When this mirror is coupled with an electron lens, it can provide a large dynamic range of correction and the coefficients of spherical and chromatic aberration can be varied independently. I report on efforts to realize a triode mirror corrector, including design, characterization, and alignment in our microscope at Portland State University (PSU). PEEM may be used to investigate optically active nanostructures, and we show that photoelectron emission yields can be identified with diffraction, surface plasmons, and dielectric waveguiding.Furthermore, we find that photoelectron micrographs of nanostructured metal and dielectric structures correlate with electromagnetic field calculations. We conclude that photoemission is highly spatially sensitive to the electromagnetic field intensity, allowing the direct visualization of the interaction of light with material surfaces at nanometer scales and over a wide range of incident light frequencies.ii

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The work function of gold

Cited by 212 publications

References 18 publications

High‐Performance Photoresponsive Organic Nanotransistors with Single‐Layer Graphenes as Two‐Dimensional Electrodes

High‐Performance Photoresponsive Organic Nanotransistors with Single‐Layer Graphenes as Two‐Dimensional Electrodes

Impurities and Electronic Property Variations of Natural MoS₂Crystal Surfaces

Aberration Corrected Photoemission Electron Microscopy with Photonics Applications

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The work function of gold

Cited by 212 publications

References 18 publications

High‐Performance Photoresponsive Organic Nanotransistors with Single‐Layer Graphenes as Two‐Dimensional Electrodes

High‐Performance Photoresponsive Organic Nanotransistors with Single‐Layer Graphenes as Two‐Dimensional Electrodes

Impurities and Electronic Property Variations of Natural MoS2Crystal Surfaces

Aberration Corrected Photoemission Electron Microscopy with Photonics Applications

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Impurities and Electronic Property Variations of Natural MoS₂Crystal Surfaces