The Wageningen Respiration Unit for Animal Production Research: A Description of the Equipment and its Possibilities

Verstegen, M.W.A.; Hel, W. van der; Brandsma, H.A.; Henken, A.M.; Bransen, A. M.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3363-7_2

Cited by 94 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…After the first 23 days of the adaptation period, six selected pigs (based on body weight) from each pen were transported to one of two identical climate respiration chambers (Verstegen et al, 1987). Pigs were habituated to the climate respiration chambers and the smaller group sizes for 7 days before measurements started.…”

Section: Animals and Housingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exchange of O 2 , CO 2 and CH 4 was measured in 9-min intervals as described by Verstegen et al (1987). Physical activity was monitored continuously by two radar devices per chamber (Verstegen et al, 1987). Changes in the frequency of the reflected radar waves due to movement of the animals (Doppler effect) were converted into electrical pulses and recorded in the same 9-min intervals.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aerial NH 3 was quantitatively trapped in 4.5 M sulphuric acid and in water that condensed on the heat exchanger (Verstegen et al, 1987). Feed and fresh straw were sampled during each experimental period.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of fermentable starch and straw-enriched housing on energy partitioning of growing pigs

Bolhuis

Brand

Staals³

et al. 2008

Animal

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Both dietary fermentable carbohydrates and the availability of straw bedding potentially affect activity patterns and energy utilisation in pigs. The present study aimed to investigate the combined effects of straw bedding and fermentable carbohydrates (native potato starch) on energy partitioning in growing pigs. In a 2 3 2 factorial arrangement, 16 groups of 12 pigs (approximately 25 kg) were assigned to either barren housing or housing on straw bedding, and to native or pregelatinised potato starch included in the diet. Pigs were fed at approximately 2.5 times maintenance. Nitrogen and energy balances were measured per group during a 7-day experimental period, which was preceded by a 30-day adaptation period. Heat production and physical activity were measured during 9-min intervals. The availability of straw bedding increased both metabolisable energy (ME) intake and total heat production (P , 0.001). Housing conditions did not affect total energy retention, but pigs on straw bedding retained more energy as protein (P , 0.01) and less as fat (P , 0.05) than barren-housed pigs. Average daily gain (P , 0.001), ME intake (P , 0.001) and energy retention (P , 0.01) were lower in pigs on the native potato starch diet compared to those on the pregelatinised potato starch diet. Pigs on the pregelatinised potato starch diet showed larger fluctuations in heat production and respiration quotient over the 24-h cycle than pigs on the native potato starch diet, and a higher activity-related energy expenditure. The effect of dietary starch type on activity-related heat production depended, however, on housing type (P , 0.05). In barren housing, activity-related heat production was less affected by starch type (16.1% and 13.7% of total heat production on the pregelatinised and native potato starch diet, respectively) than in strawenriched housing (21.1% and 15.0% of the total heat production on the pregelatinised and native potato starch diet, respectively). In conclusion, the present study shows that the availability both of straw bedding and of dietary starch type, fermentable or digestible, affects energy utilisation and physical activity of pigs. The effects of housing condition on protein and fat deposition suggest that environmental enrichment with long straw may result in leaner pigs. The lower energy expenditure on the physical activity of pigs on the native potato starch diet, which was the most obvious in straw-housed pigs, likely reflects a decrease in foraging behaviour related to a more gradual supply of energy from fermentation processes.

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Section: Animals and Housingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of fermentable starch and straw-enriched housing on energy partitioning of growing pigs

Bolhuis

Brand

Staals³

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…Each group was allotted to one of two dietary treatments in such way that within the nine trials, six replicates were obtained for each of the three dietary treatments in this study. Pigs were housed in climate respiration chambers under thermoneutral conditions (Verstegen et al, 1987) in order to study energy metabolism characteristics by indirect calorimetry (data not presented). The experimental protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Wageningen University.…”

Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of prefermented cereals or the end products of fermentation on growth and metabolism of enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells and on intestinal health of restrictedly fed weanling pigs

Bruininx

Koninkx

Binnendijk

et al. 2010

Animal

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To unravel the underlying mechanisms that explain the positive effects of prefermented cereals on in vivo gastrointestinal (GI) architecture and function, an in vitro experiment using a human small intestinal epithelial cell model (Caco-2) was performed. A range of dilutions (0% to 10%) of the supernatants of three liquid experimental diets, as well as Na-lactate were used in an in vitro experiment to assess their effect on cellular growth, metabolism, differentiation and mucosal integrity using Caco-2. The experimental diets contained, in addition to a protein rich basal diet (60%), (1) a liquid control diet (C) containing 40% of a mixture of barley and wheat (ratio 3 : 1) or (2) a liquid diet (F) containing 40% prefermented barley and wheat or (3) C with the addition of the fermentation end-products (organic acids and ethanol) in concentrations similar to those in the fermented diet (FP). For F, the mixture of barley and wheat was fermented at 358C for 48 h. Parallel to the in vitro experiment, 18 groups of eight weanling pigs were assigned to one of the experimental diets during a 14-day in vivo experiment. Each group was fed restrictively. The results of the in vitro experiment showed that the lowest dose of both F-and FP-supernatants had no clear effects on the cell proliferation, but incubation with 5% and 10% of the F-and FP-supernatants decreased the cell numbers at day 19. DNA, RNA, protein and glycoprotein synthesis in differentiated Caco-2 cells were stimulated by incubation with the lower concentrations (0.5% to 2.5%) of F-and FP-supernatants whereas the higher concentrations (5% and 10%) had no effect. Both the F-and FP-supernatants decreased the specific sucrase-isomaltase activity in a dose-dependent manner, but the effects on the specific aminopeptidase activities were less clear. Mucosal integrity initially decreased after incubation with the highest F-and FP-supernatants and started to recover between 24 and 48 h. The results of the in vivo experiment showed no dietary effects ( P . 0.1) on GI morphology and brush-border enzyme activities at day 5 or at day 14. Time related changes in GI characteristics followed a normal pattern. In conclusion, the supernatants of diets containing either prefermented cereals or their fermentation end-products clearly modulate cellular growth, metabolism, differentiation and mucosal integrity in an in vitro model, although these effects were not observed in the in vivo characteristics measured in weanling pigs.Keywords: Caco-cell, fermented cereals, intestine, pigs ImplicationsThe described in vitro experiment showed that fermentation end products within the range of realized intake in the in vivo study, affect metabolism of intestinal cells. Measurements point at an initial damaging effect followed by repair.The described in vivo experiment did not show effects on intestinal physiology on day 5 and 14 after weaning. It seems that the provision of fermented cereals has several effects of which the net outcome is not always beneficial for the animal. The in vitro...

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Der Einfluß von Fett auf Verdauung und Energiestoffwechsel von laktierenden Sauen

Babinszky

Verstegen

Hartog

1993

Fett Wiss. Technol.

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renmusters im Fettgewebe der Schweine ist in Abhangigkeit von der Anzahl an Doppelbindungen der gefiitterten Fettsauren moglich.Eine langfristige Futterung hoherer Anteile an freien Fettsauren in der Diat kann pathologische Veranderungen der Magenschleimhaut und Diinndarmmukosa bewirken.Die Fiitterung von Glycerin an Mastschweine bis zu einer Hohe von 10 % in der Ration wirkt sich positiv auf die Lebendmasseentwicklung aus. Es konnte eine deutlich verbesserte Futterakzeptanz beobachtet werden. Die Glycerinfutterung hatte keinen negativen EinfluO auf den Schlachtkorperwert und die Fleischqualitat. L i t e r a t u r ' N! Harrjzel, Landwirtsch. Forschung, Sonderheft 33, Kon-greBband, 1976.

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The Wageningen Respiration Unit for Animal Production Research: A Description of the Equipment and its Possibilities

Cited by 94 publications

References 4 publications

Effects of fermentable starch and straw-enriched housing on energy partitioning of growing pigs

Effects of fermentable starch and straw-enriched housing on energy partitioning of growing pigs

Effects of prefermented cereals or the end products of fermentation on growth and metabolism of enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells and on intestinal health of restrictedly fed weanling pigs

Der Einfluß von Fett auf Verdauung und Energiestoffwechsel von laktierenden Sauen

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