2009
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.034454
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Abstract: SUMMARY Reconstructing the vortex wake of freely flying birds is challenging, but in the past few years, direct measurements of the wake circulation have become available for a number of species. Streamwise circulation has been measured at different positions along the span of the birds, but no measurements have been performed in the transverse plane. Recent findings from studies of bat wakes have pointed to the importance of transverse plane data for reconstructing the wake topology because imp… Show more

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Cited by 50 publications
(77 citation statements)
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“…However, even among insects, quantitative studies have focused predominately on hovering flight, so more quantitative studies of insect forward flight are also needed. Although several flow studies in recent years have examined forward vertebrate flight, many focus primarily on elucidating vortex wake structures (Bomphrey, 2012;Hubel et al, 2010;von Busse et al, 2014;Henningsson et al, 2014Henningsson et al, , 2011Johansson and Hedenstrom, 2009;Hedenstrom et al, 2007Hedenstrom et al, , 2006Muijres et al, 2011b). Also, although some vorticity measurements have been able to account for full weight support, many show deficits in estimated lift, especially at lower speeds when unsteady effects become more significant (von Busse et al, 2014; (2015), with permission.…”
Section: Wing Stroke and Morphology Functions Unique To Vertebratesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, even among insects, quantitative studies have focused predominately on hovering flight, so more quantitative studies of insect forward flight are also needed. Although several flow studies in recent years have examined forward vertebrate flight, many focus primarily on elucidating vortex wake structures (Bomphrey, 2012;Hubel et al, 2010;von Busse et al, 2014;Henningsson et al, 2014Henningsson et al, , 2011Johansson and Hedenstrom, 2009;Hedenstrom et al, 2007Hedenstrom et al, , 2006Muijres et al, 2011b). Also, although some vorticity measurements have been able to account for full weight support, many show deficits in estimated lift, especially at lower speeds when unsteady effects become more significant (von Busse et al, 2014; (2015), with permission.…”
Section: Wing Stroke and Morphology Functions Unique To Vertebratesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…When comparing the bat wake data with bird wake data at similar time resolution [17,27], it can be concluded that the bat wake topology is more complex than for birds that have weaker root vortices and no reversed vortex dipoles (cf. [27]). …”
Section: Wake Topologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Wing root vortices are generated through a similar mechanism as wingtip vortices, where streamwise vorticity of opposite spin rolls up into a distinct vortex. These vortices have been observed in insects, birds, and bats with varying strength and persistence (Hedenström et al 2007Muijres et al 2008;Muijres et al 2011Muijres et al , 2012Bomphrey et al 2009;Johansson and Hedenström 2009;Hubel et al 2010Hubel et al , 2012Henningsson et al 2011). The cause and function of these vortices has not been fully established.…”
Section: Vortex Terminologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Particle image velocimetry (PIV) methods have improved in temporal and spatial resolution over the last few years as have the coverage of species of different sizes and flight modes. One of the significant additions to the emerging model of the wakes of flying animals is that vortices can be shed from the wing roots in both birds and bats over a wide range of sizes and flight speeds, although the strength and persistence of these root vortices varies by species and speed Johansson and Hedenström 2009;Hubel et al 2010Hubel et al , 2012Henningsson et al 2011;Muijres et al 2011Muijres et al , 2012. The presence of root vortices indicates that if and when the body is included in producing vertical force, this requires some time to develop.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%