The Utilisability of Ground Hazelnut Shell as Filler in Polypropylene Composites

Demirer, Halil; Kartal, İlyas; Yildirim, Armen; Büyükkaya, Kenan

doi:10.12693/aphyspola.134.254

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The highest values were obtained for composites tested at −24 • C. Composites reinforced by lignocellulosic fillers were characterized by low strength properties and an increase of tensile modulus. Demirer et al [22] studied the usability of ground HSs in PP matrix composites. The addition of ground HSs caused a decrease in tensile strength and an increase in Young's modulus.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Composites Based on Polypropylene with Basalt/Hazelnut Shell Fillers: The Influence of Temperature, Thermal Aging, and Water Absorption on Mechanical Properties

Kufel

Kuciel

2019

Polymers

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The aim of the research was to study the effects of adding natural fillers to a polypropylene (PP) matrix on mechanical and physical properties of hybrid composites. The 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight basalt fibers (BF) and ground hazelnut shells (HS) were added to the PP matrix. Composites were produced by making use of an injection molding method. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, strain at break, Charpy impact strength, and the coefficient of thermal expansion were determined. The influence of temperature, thermal aging, and water absorption on mechanical properties was also investigated. In addition, short-time creep tests were carried out. To characterize the morphology and the filler distribution within the matrix, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used. The results showed that the addition of the two types of filler enhanced mechanical properties. Furthermore, improvements in thermal stability were monitored. After water absorption, the changes in the tensile properties of the tested composites were moderate. However, thermal aging caused a decrease in tensile strength and tensile modulus.Polymers 2020, 12, 18 2 of 13 reinforced with BFs are widely used due to their high mechanical properties and thermal stability; additionally, they are eco-friendly materials. Many researchers have studied composites reinforced by BFs [11][12][13]. Manikandan et al. [14] investigated the effect of surface modifications of BFs on mechanical properties. The results showed that acid treatment of BFs improved tensile strength and impact strength. Yang et al. [15] added carbon nanotubes and aluminum hypophosphite to polylactide/BF composites, which reduced the peak heat release rate of the composite. Hybrid composites offer better balance in mechanical properties than non-hybrid composites. Predicting their mechanical properties is challenging due to the synergistic effects between both fibers [16]. Hybridization provides us with the opportunity to improve some of the properties of composites. It is also common to reduce production costs by replacing the more expensive filler with a cheaper filler. By using hybridizations, composites can be produced that combine the features of both fillers. An addition of carbon fibers with smaller diameters and larger and longer BFs to polyamide 6, improved mechanical properties of composites [17]. Mechanical properties of natural filler composites are lower compared to synthetic fibers. Furthermore, natural fillers absorb moisture. The amalgamation of two different types of fillers in the same matrix can result in a material that overcomes these drawbacks. A few studies reported hybrid composites reinforced by both natural and synthetic fillers. Samal et al.[18] studied hybrid PP composites with banana and glass fibers. In another study [19], mechanical properties and the water absorption of high-density polyethylene composites, reinforced by wood and carbon fibers, were investigated. An addition of a small amount of carbon fibers to wood plastic composites enhanced the mechanical pr...

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Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Composites Based on Polypropylene with Basalt/Hazelnut Shell Fillers: The Influence of Temperature, Thermal Aging, and Water Absorption on Mechanical Properties

Kufel

Kuciel

2019

Polymers

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“…Typically, spent coffee grounds are usually disposed of in landfills, used as composting and fermentation or as animal feed, such as olive and grape pomace [42,43]. Hazelnut shells are used for combustion and heating [44].…”

Section: -80mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Wastes as Aggregates for Eco-Efficient Boards and Panels: Screening Tests of Physical Properties and Bio-Susceptibility

et al. 2022

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Screening tests were developed or adapted from RILEM recommendations, standards and past studies, and carried out to characterize some agro-industrial wastes and to assess their feasibility as aggregates for eco-efficient building composites. Spent coffee grounds, grape and olive press waste and hazelnut shells were used, as well as maritime pine chips as control material. Particle size distribution, loose bulk density, thermal conductivity and hygroscopicity properties were analysed. The selected bio-wastes did not show good thermal insulation properties if compared with some bio-wastes already studied and used for thermal insulation composites. Values of loose bulk density and thermal conductivity were between 325.6–550.5 kg/m3 and 0.078–0.107 W/(m·K); moisture buffering values higher than 2.0 g/(m2·%RH). Biological susceptibility to mould and termites were also tested, using not yet standardized methods. The low resistance to biological attack confirms one of the greatest drawbacks of using bio-wastes for building products. However, final products properties may be changed by adding other materials, pre-treatments of the wastes and the production process.

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“…HNS can be used for various applications such as energy, 4,5 biofuel production, 6 active carbon production, 7,8 adsorption, 9,10 waste water treatment, 11 civil engineering applications, 12,13 and polymeric composites. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] In all these applications generally, it is mechanically powderized in various sizes. Since the green and sustainable material requirement is increasing, number of the research in the area of HNS filled polymer composite production has been increasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-based sustainable composites from hazelnut shell and PP/SEBS blends

Cetin

Ipek

Fidan

et al. 2022

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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In this study, waste hazelnut shells (HNS) were powderized and used as the filler for the fabrication of sustainable polymeric composites. HNS based composites can be used for many applications because of their tunable intrinsic brown color for various indoor and outdoor applications including decking applications and furniture that require a natural esthetic appearance. Polypropylene (PP), styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene (SEBS), and 50/50 PP/SEBS blends were used as the polymeric matrixes. HNS concentration was set to 2.5, 5, and 10 wt%. PP/SEBS blend and HNS filled granules were prepared by melt mixing in an extruder. Following that polymeric films were fabricated from the granules by compression molding. The morphological, structural, thermal, mechanical, contact angle, water absorption analyses were performed in order to characterize the composites. Matrix type and filler concentration were found significant for the properties. PP/SEBS blends showed homogeneous morphology. At low concentrations, fillers were well-dispersed. On the other hand, at 10 wt% HNS loading agglomerations were observed and mechanical properties showed a noticeable drop. PP-based composites showed the highest tensile strength and elastic modulus with the lowest tensile strain. SEBS-based composites showed the lowest tensile strength and elastic modulus with the highest tensile strain. PP/SEBS composites showed mechanical properties between PP and SEBS. The incorporation of SEBS into PP increased the flexibility of the composites and resulted in relatively higher strain at break.

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The Utilisability of Ground Hazelnut Shell as Filler in Polypropylene Composites

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

Hybrid Composites Based on Polypropylene with Basalt/Hazelnut Shell Fillers: The Influence of Temperature, Thermal Aging, and Water Absorption on Mechanical Properties

Hybrid Composites Based on Polypropylene with Basalt/Hazelnut Shell Fillers: The Influence of Temperature, Thermal Aging, and Water Absorption on Mechanical Properties

Bio-Wastes as Aggregates for Eco-Efficient Boards and Panels: Screening Tests of Physical Properties and Bio-Susceptibility

Bio-based sustainable composites from hazelnut shell and PP/SEBS blends

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