The Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma to Promote Cell Recruitment into Low-Molecular-Weight Fucoidan-Functionalized Poly(Ester-Urea-Urethane) Scaffolds for Soft-Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Due to their elastomeric behavior, polyurethane-based scaffolds can find various applications in soft-tissue engineering. However, their relatively inert surface has to be modified in order to improve cell colonization and control cell fate. The present study focuses on porous biodegradable scaffolds based on poly(ester-urea-urethane), functionalized concomitantly to the scaffold elaboration with low-molecular-weight (LMW) fucoidan; and their bio-activation with platelet rich plasma (PRP) formulations with the aim to promote cell response. The LMW fucoidan-functionalization was obtained in a very homogeneous way, and was stable after the scaffold sterilization and incubation in phosphate-buffered saline. Biomolecules from PRP readily penetrated into the functionalized scaffold, leading to a biological frame on the pore walls. Preliminary in vitro assays were assessed to demonstrate the improvement of scaffold behavior towards cell response. The scaffold bio-activation drastically improved cell migration. Moreover, cells interacted with all pore sides into the bio-activated scaffold forming cell bridges across pores. Our work brought out an easy and versatile way of developing functionalized and bio-activated elastomeric poly(ester-urea-urethane) scaffolds with a better cell response.

The blood cells count in leukocyte and leukocyte-poor platelet-concentrated plasma in patients with musculoskeletal disorders

“…2 A). Therefore, no significant difference was found between the platelet count in these biotechnological products, which coincides with the data of some studies on plateletrich plasma [36,40,43,47]. However, some studies have shown that the number of platelets in leukocyte-poor platelet concentrates is significantly lower than in leukocyte-containing ones [6,39].…”

In vivo bone regeneration assessment of offset and gradient melt electrowritten (MEW) PCL scaffolds

“…However, tissue-engineering based bone regeneration continues to face considerable challenges. While ideally porous scaffold materials should mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of native tissue in order to ensure adequate nutrient and oxygen diffusion, waste product removal as well as cellular infiltration and vascularization, the scaffold(s) must also have adequate mechanical integrity to cope with its environment, possess an appropriate biodegradation profile and minimise any host inflammatory response during the regenerative process [ 2 – 4 ].…”

Post-decellularization techniques ameliorate cartilage decellularization process for tissue engineering applications

“…270 Since then, it has also been used as a cell culture supplement for the expansion of stem and progenitor cells for tissue engineering applications in the context of muscule, 271 bone, 272 cartilage, 273 skin, 274 and soft tissue repair. 275 PRP contains a mix of different cytokines and GFs, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) which is a protein that stimulates the proliferation and synthesis of new collagen formation; TGFβ-1 that counteracts the catabolic effects of IL-1 on tissues such as cartilage, by increasing chondrocyte synthesis as well as by increasing ECM production; FGF that is able to promote tissue healing by activating anabolic pathways; and finally hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) which increases tissue repair by promoting angiogenesis, as well as chemotaxis of MSCs, along with subchondral progenitor cells to promote chondral matrix formation and remodeling. 269 Due to their high GFs content in platelet, PRP has been shown to improve cell growth in different research studies.…”

“… 270 Since then, it has also been used as a cell culture supplement for the expansion of stem and progenitor cells for tissue engineering applications in the context of muscule, 271 bone, 272 cartilage, 273 skin, 274 and soft tissue repair. 275 …”