The use of pictograms in the health care: A literature review

Barros, Izadora M. C.; Alcântara, Thaciana Santos; Mesquita, Alessandra Rezende; Santos, Anne Caroline Oliveira dos; Paixão, Felipe P.; Lyra, Divaldo Pereira de

doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2013.11.002

Cited by 86 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The environment forms part of the context, which is helpful in interpreting the meaning of a pictogram as it helps to reduce the pictogram's polysemy (to have multiple meanings). Studies have shown that increased levels of contextual information help in understanding the meaning of a pictogram [8][9][10][11]. In their study, Hämmeen-Anttilla et al [12] found that perception of pictograms improves with age.…”

Section: Perception Of Pictogramsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Positive Rules Can Lead to Positive Behaviours: Students’ Perceptions of Messages on Information Boards in Protected Areas

Torkar¹,

Mezek²,

Jerman³

2018

Selected Studies in Biodiversity

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The main purpose of this research was to investigate primary school students' perceptions of pictograms displayed in protected areas. The aim was to determine if and how students understand the concept of protected areas and the role pictograms and comic strips, displayed on information panels in protected areas, play in understanding (un) acceptable human activities in such areas. Altogether, 353 fourth-graders and fifthgraders (8-11 years of age) from central Slovenia filled in the questionnaire. Students were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups faced with a set of positive pictograms, negative pictograms or a comic strip and asked to answer two open questions. Many students participating in the research perceived protected areas as areas where many human activities are prohibited. The concept of protected areas was sufficiently understood by 36.8% of the students. The results confirmed the main hypothesis that students faced with a set of positive pictograms perceived protected areas as areas where a number of human activities are acceptable, but they also realized which activities are unacceptable. Similar results were obtained for students faced with the comic strip. On the other hand, those faced with negative pictograms tended to be more preoccupied with listing unacceptable human activities and were able to list significantly fewer acceptable activities.

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Section: Perception Of Pictogramsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Positive Rules Can Lead to Positive Behaviours: Students’ Perceptions of Messages on Information Boards in Protected Areas

Torkar¹,

Mezek²,

Jerman³

2018

Selected Studies in Biodiversity

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“…36,37 Researchers and clinicians have developed many visual aids of varying types over the past 20 years using numerous development and evaluation methods. [38][39][40][41][42] Many of these have focused on communicating risk and on sharing information about medications. 36,38,[43][44][45][46] Particularly relevant to those living with HIV in limited-resource settings, Dowse et al developed an information leaflet including pictograms for use among PLWH with LHL in South Africa 47 and found it improved HIV-related knowledge and self-efficacy.…”

Section: Background and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[38][39][40][41][42] Many of these have focused on communicating risk and on sharing information about medications. 36,38,[43][44][45][46] Particularly relevant to those living with HIV in limited-resource settings, Dowse et al developed an information leaflet including pictograms for use among PLWH with LHL in South Africa 47 and found it improved HIV-related knowledge and self-efficacy. 48 Because infographics have been developed across conditions, in various formats, for a variety of audiences, and their evaluation has been inconsistent, there are not established "best practices" for their development nor their evaluation.…”

Section: Background and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Developing Infographics to Facilitate HIV-Related Patient–Provider Communication in a Limited-Resource Setting

Stonbraker

Halpern²,

Bakken

et al. 2019

Appl Clin Inform

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Background Productive patient–provider communication is a recognized component of high-quality health care that leads to better health outcomes. Well-designed infographics can facilitate effective communication, especially when culture, language, or literacy differences are present. Objectives This study aimed to rigorously develop infographics to improve human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related patient–provider communication in a limited-resource setting. A secondary purpose was to establish through participant feedback that infographics convey intended meaning in this clinical and cultural context. Methods We adapted a participatory design methodology, developed in a high-resource setting, for use in the Dominican Republic. Initially, content to include was established using a data-triangulation method. Then, infographics were iteratively generated and refined during five phases of design sessions with three stakeholder groups: (1) 25 persons living with HIV, (2) 8 health care providers, and (3) 5 domain experts. Suggestions for improvement were incorporated between design sessions and questions to confirm interpretability of infographics were included at the end of each session. Results Each participant group focused on different aspects of infographic designs. Providers drew on past experiences with patients and offered clinically and contextually relevant recommendations of symbols and images to include. Domain experts focused on technical design considerations and interpretations of infographics. While it was difficult for patient participants to provide concrete suggestions, they provided feedback on the meaning of infographics and responded clearly to direct questions regarding possible changes. Fifteen final infographics were developed and all participant groups qualitatively confirmed that they displayed the intended content in a culturally appropriate and clinically meaningful way. Conclusion Incorporating perspectives from various stakeholders led to the evolution of designs over time and generated design recommendations that will be useful to others creating infographics for use in similar populations. Next steps are to assess the feasibility of using infographics to improve clinical communication and patient outcomes.

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“…Priporočljiva je kombinacija piktograma s poenostavljenim besedilom (Choi, 2011;Cloutier, 2014). Uporabiti je treba preprosto besedilo, ki je enostavno in jasno, ob spremljavi ustnih navodil (Barros, 2014;Berthenet, et al, 2016). Piktogrami, ki dajejo navodila, naj vključujejo predmet ali osebo.…”

Section: Skupina Priporočil / Group Of Recommendationsunclassified

Identifikacija priporočil, razvoj in testiranje uporabe piktogramov za izboljšanje komunikacije starejših v socialnovarstvenih zavodih

Krantić¹,

Babnik

Žvanut

2018

Obzor Zdrav Neg

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Uvod: Piktogrami so slikovno komunikacijsko orodje, ki izboljšuje komunikacijo med izvajalci zdravstvenih in socialnih storitev ter starejšimi. Raziskava je zasledovala tri cilje: (i) identificirati priporočila za izdelavo piktogramov, primernih za starejše v socialnovarstvenih zavodih; (ii) na podlagi identificiranih priporočil razviti piktograme; (iii) ovrednotiti njihovo uporabnost. Metode: Raziskava je temeljila na kombiniranem pristopu in so jo sestavljali trije deli: (i) analiza znanstvene in strokovne literature ter izvedba intervjujev s štirimi medicinskimi sestrami v socialnovarstvenih zavodih za identifikacijo priporočil za izdelavo piktogramov; (ii) izdelava piktogramov; (iii) evalvacija piktogramov s kvazieksperimentom. Za statistično obdelavo podatkov je uporabljena univariatna analiza (izračun frekvenc in relativnih frekvenc). Rezultati: Identificirana priporočila za izdelavo piktogramov se nanašajo na njihovo splošno zasnovo, uporabo barv in oblik ter lokacijo. Intervjuji so natančneje opredelili priporočljivo lokacijo piktogramov ter konkretne potrebe po njihovi sporočilnosti: »nevarnost opeklin«, »higiena rok«, »nevarnost padca«, »nevarnost udarca vrat«, »jedilnica«, »delovna terapija«. Evalvacija izdelanih piktogramov s tridesetimi starejšimi iz socialnovarstvenega zavoda je pokazala ustrezno razumljivost, tri vodje služb za zdravstveno nego in oskrbo pa so potrdile njihovo uporabnost. Diskusija in zaključek: Identificirana priporočila predstavljajo dobro osnovo za nadaljnjo izdelavo piktogramov za starejše iz socialnovarstvenih zavodov. Pogostejša uporaba piktogramov v socialnovarstvenih zavodih bi izboljšala komunikacijo s starejšimi in nudila ustrezno pomoč pri zagotavljanju njihove varnosti in ustrezne orientacije.

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The use of pictograms in the health care: A literature review

Cited by 86 publications

References 43 publications

Positive Rules Can Lead to Positive Behaviours: Students’ Perceptions of Messages on Information Boards in Protected Areas

Positive Rules Can Lead to Positive Behaviours: Students’ Perceptions of Messages on Information Boards in Protected Areas

Developing Infographics to Facilitate HIV-Related Patient–Provider Communication in a Limited-Resource Setting

Identifikacija priporočil, razvoj in testiranje uporabe piktogramov za izboljšanje komunikacije starejših v socialnovarstvenih zavodih

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