The Use of ESEM in Geobiology

Ivarsson, Magnus; Holmström, Sara

doi:10.5772/36701

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…This makes it possible to analyse very small spots, run line scans to see changes in elemental concentration along a particular section, or to undertake elemental mapping of an entire area on the sample (Pollard et al 2007, 112 over traditional SEM which, as described above, requires high vacuum around the sample being analysed, as well as conductive samples to reduce electron charging effects. Instead, the sample chamber in the ESEM allows the specimen to be surrounded by water vapour or gas in low vacuum, allowing for much greater flexibility (Doehne 2006, Thiel 2006, Ivarsson and Holmström 2012. This means that non-conductive samples can be imaged without prior coating, and that biological or dynamic processes can be observed in real time without desiccation or similar pre-treatment of the sample (see Rochow and Rochow 1978, 196 for different types of sample preparation).…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy-energy Dispersive X-ray Spectromentioning

confidence: 99%

Biographies carved in wood: Turning points in the lives of two medieval Virgin sculptures

Ebert

2018

Journal of Material Culture

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Conservation and History (IAKH) for generously providing me with funding to undertake further research trips. I would also like to acknowledge the Kaia and Torfinn Tobiassens Fond for covering the cost of an additional research trip to Germany. Countless people have supported and guided me throughout the PhD period. I would like to thank my amazing supervisors Lotte Hedeager and Michael Rief for guidance, advice and support during the second half of my stipend period. I am grateful to the Museum of Cultural History at the University of Oslo for granting access to the sculptures, and particularly to Torunn Klokkernes and Anne Lene Melheim for granting approval for analysis. Many thanks to conservators Eivind Bratlie and Kaja Kollandsrud for their trust, allowing me to use their conservation atelier, giving me a helping hand when handling the sculptures, and generously sharing their knowledge about the museum collection with me. I am thankful to the Getty Conservation Institute for hosting me during my research stay in Los Angeles, and for the warm welcome offered to me by Tom Learner, Michael Schilling and Gary Mattison. In particular, I would like to thank Joy Mazurek for generously sharing her time, knowledge and expertise in GC-MS, and Herant Khanjian for his support with FTIR. Special thanks are due to my fellow PhD colleague Kristin Kausland, whose strength, knowledge and friendship helped me significantly during difficult times. I would like to thank Per Ditlef Fredriksen as Head of Research for keeping an open door for me and providing me with advice and a listening ear. I am grateful to Duncan Slarke for friendship and technical support, as well as for being my anchor of sanity within Conservation Studies. Our amazing librarian Lisa Benson deserves mention for having gone out of her way in helping me get hold of literature. I would like to thank Unn Plahter for useful constructive criticism during my midway evaluation. I am grateful to Calin Steindal at the Saving Oseberg project for extensive technical support with SEM-EDS. I would also like to thank Aoife Daly for undertaking dendrochronology, and Bjørnar Slensvik and Heidi Debreczeny Wilkinson at the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute for use of the CT scanner. Thanks are also due to Steinar Kristensen for advice on photogrammetry, Jan Brendalsmo for sharing his knowledge about Norwegian church history, and Rebecca Cannell for advice with map-making. The following individuals have generously shared their knowledge and expertise

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Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy-energy Dispersive X-ray Spectromentioning

confidence: 99%

Biographies carved in wood: Turning points in the lives of two medieval Virgin sculptures

Ebert

2018

Journal of Material Culture

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“…In addition to electron interactions, X-rays are generated as the electron beam interacts with the specimen (see section 3. over traditional SEM which, as described above, requires high vacuum around the sample being analysed, as well as conductive samples to reduce electron charging effects. Instead, the sample chamber in the ESEM allows the specimen to be surrounded by water vapour or gas in low vacuum, allowing for much greater flexibility (Doehne 2006, Thiel 2006, Ivarsson and Holmström 2012. This means that non-conductive samples can be imaged without prior coating, and that biological or dynamic processes can be observed in real time without desiccation or similar pre-treatment of the sample (see Rochow and Rochow 1978, 196 for different types of sample preparation).…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy-energy Dispersive X-ray Spectro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A skewed balance?

Ebert¹

2017

Journal of the History of Collections

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Thesis for the degree of philosophiae doctor (PhD) 2018 i 1550', which this PhD is a significant part of. I am grateful to the Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History (IAKH) for generously providing me with funding to undertake further research trips. I would also like to acknowledge the Kaia and Torfinn Tobiassens Fond for covering the cost of an additional research trip to Germany. Countless people have supported and guided me throughout the PhD period. I would like to thank my amazing supervisors Lotte Hedeager and Michael Rief for guidance, advice and support during the second half of my stipend period. I am grateful to the Museum of Cultural History at the University of Oslo for granting access to the sculptures, and particularly to Torunn Klokkernes and Anne Lene Melheim for granting approval for analysis. Many thanks to conservators Eivind Bratlie and Kaja Kollandsrud for their trust, allowing me to use their conservation atelier, giving me a helping hand when handling the sculptures, and generously sharing their knowledge about the museum collection with me. I am thankful to the Getty Conservation Institute for hosting me during my research stay in Los Angeles, and for the warm welcome offered to me by Tom Learner, Michael Schilling and Gary Mattison. In particular, I would like to thank Joy Mazurek for generously sharing her time, knowledge and expertise in GC-MS, and Herant Khanjian for his support with FTIR. Special thanks are due to my fellow PhD colleague Kristin Kausland, whose strength, knowledge and friendship helped me significantly during difficult times. I would like to thank Per Ditlef Fredriksen as Head of Research for keeping an open door for me and providing me with advice and a listening ear. I am grateful to Duncan Slarke for friendship and technical support, as well as for being my anchor of sanity within Conservation Studies. Our amazing librarian Lisa Benson deserves mention for having gone out of her way in helping me get hold of literature. I would like to thank Unn Plahter for useful constructive criticism during my midway evaluation. I am grateful to Calin Steindal at the Saving Oseberg project for extensive technical support with SEM-EDS. I would also like to thank Aoife Daly for undertaking dendrochronology, and Bjørnar Slensvik and Heidi Debreczeny Wilkinson at the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute for use of the CT scanner. Thanks are also due to Steinar Kristensen for advice on photogrammetry, Jan Brendalsmo for sharing his knowledge about Norwegian church history, and Rebecca Cannell for advice with map-making. The following individuals have generously shared their knowledge and expertise

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“…The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is utilized for various geologic applications as it is well suited for dealing with the charging problems of uncoated specimens [1], the often wet nature of specimens, and the hydrocarbon contamination when interacting with geologic specimens [2]. The ESEM allows for many different dynamic experiments as well.…”

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confidence: 99%