The Use and Misuse of Pressor Agents

Escalation of methamphetamine self-administration in rats: a dose–effect function

“…The history of methamphetamine abuse dates back to the first half of the 1900s (Cox andSmart 1970, Smith andCorbascio 1970), but only after the late 1980s and early 1990s did methamphetamine abuse become a problem of widespread clinical relevance (Derlet andHeischober 1990, Helschober andMiller 1991).…”

Ropivacaína em bloqueio peridural torácico para cirurgia plástica

“…Ocorreram em treze pacientes (21,7% dos casos) episódios de diminuição da PAS e da PAM a valores abaixo dos desejados, os quais foram fácil e prontamente abolidos pela administração de etilfedrina. Este é um vasopressor de ação mista do grupo da efedrina 25 que, como esta, é bem indicado na reversão da hipotensão causada por bloqueio simpático em anestesia regional, com a vantagem de não provocar o mesmo grau de elevação da FC que acompanha o uso da efedrina. A incidência de hipotensão arterial e de bradicardia tratadas farmacologicamente neste estudo foi inferior à encontrada por outros autores que utilizaram lidocaína ou bupivacaína em bloqueio peridural torácico 26,27. É importante lembrar que, mesmo na vigência de bloqueio peridural alto, existem mecanismos de compensação que garantem alguma atividade simpática.…”

“…SBP was maintained in values not below 65 mmHg and MBP in values not below 50 mmHg, which are considered safe from brain and myocardial perfusion viewpoint 1,2 .SBP and MBP decreases below desirable values were observed in 13 patients (21.7%) and were easily and promptly treated with ethylphedrine. This is a mixed action vasopressor of the ephedrine group 25 , constituting a good choice to revert hypotension caused by sympathetic blockade during regional anesthesia, with the additional advantage of not causing the same HR increase following the administration of ephedrine. The incidence of pharmacologically treated hypotension and bradycardia in our study was lower than what has been reported by other authors using lidocaine or bupivacaine in thoracic epidural blocks 26,27 .…”

Management of Acute Adverse Reactions to Contrast Media

“…The vasoconstriction induced decreases angioedema and urticaria. The b-agonist actions of adrenaline reverse bronchoconstriction, produce positive inotropic and chronotropic cardiac effects (increase in strength and rate of cardiac contractions), and may increase intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) (Smith and Corbascio 1970;Hoffman and Lefkowitz 1990). Increments in baseline cyclic AMP levels are generally considered to inhibit mediator release from inflammatory cells.…”