The Trial Use of Sabin's Attenuated Type 1 Poliovirus Vaccine in a Village in Southern Arizona1

Horstmann, Dorothy M.; Niederman, J. C.; Riordan, John T.; Paul, John R.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120068

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…As described above, the duration of fecal excretion appears much longer than that of oropharyngeal excretion, which implies a potentially relatively longer exposure period for the fecal‐oral compared to the oropharyngeal route. Various studies document the presence of WPV or OPV viruses following a challenge in sewage, privies, floors, external body parts of infected subjects including hands, and flies . Gelfland et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various studies document the presence of WPV or OPV viruses following a challenge in sewage, privies, floors, external body parts of infected subjects including hands, and flies. (46,47,118,119) Gelfland et al (46,47) documented infections of family contacts of index children fed mOPV both in the presence and absence of oropharyngeal excretion by the index child, with a slightly higher rate of secondary infections when the index child excreted detectable virus from the oropharynx. They documented 6 infections among 15 extra-household contacts with a history of IPV and no LPV when the index infection excreted from the oropharynx, but 0 infections among 3 similar extrahousehold contacts when the index infection did not excrete from the oropharynx.…”

Section: Relative Contribution Of Fecal-oral Versus Oropharyngeal Tramentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expert Review on Poliovirus Immunity and Transmission

Tebbens¹,

et al. 2012

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Successfully managing risks to achieve wild polioviruses (WPVs) eradication and address the complexities of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) cessation to stop all cases of paralytic poliomyelitis depends strongly on our collective understanding of poliovirus immunity and transmission. With increased shifting from OPV to inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), numerous risk management choices motivate the need to understand the tradeoffs and uncertainties and to develop models to help inform decisions. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention hosted a meeting of international experts in April 2010 to review the available literature relevant to poliovirus immunity and transmission. This expert review evaluates 66 OPV challenge studies and other evidence to support the development of quantitative models of poliovirus transmission and potential outbreaks. This review focuses on characterization of immunity as a function of exposure history in terms of susceptibility to excretion, duration of excretion, and concentration of excreted virus. We also discuss the evidence of waning of host immunity to poliovirus transmission, the relationship between the concentration of poliovirus excreted and infectiousness, the importance of different transmission routes, and the differences in transmissibility between OPV and WPV. We discuss the limitations of the available evidence for use in polio risk models, and conclude that despite the relatively large number of studies on immunity, very limited data exist to directly support quantification of model inputs related to transmission. Given the limitations in the evidence, we identify the need for expert input to derive quantitative model inputs from the existing data.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%