The toxicity evaluation of Syzygium cumini leaves in rodents

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the safety of the hydroalcoholic extract (HE) of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, Myrtaceae, leaves in rodents. Acute toxicity was evaluated through the determination of a LD50 in mice and rats (up to 14 days). In mice, the oral administration (p.o.) of the HE (0.1 at 6 g/kg) did not cause any death. When administered by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) the HE (0.1 at 1 g/kg) caused death of the animals (LD50 of 0.489 g/kg). In rats, the HE (0.5, 1 and 2 g/kg, p.o.) did not cause any death, while by i.p., only the 2 g/kg dose was lethal to 67% of the animals. To evaluate chronic toxicity, groups of rats daily received the HE (0.05, 0.1 and 0.25 g/kg) through p.o., during 30, 90 or 180 days and the effects on behavior, body weight, feed consumed were measured. Histology, hematology and biochemical parameters were measured at the end of the treatment. After a 30-day treatment, the HE caused changes in some biochemical parameters. Histological examination of the liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, stomach, intestine and pancreas showed normal architecture suggesting no morphological disturbances. These data may mean that the HE of S. cumini does not exert acute or chronic toxic effects by oral administration.

Antifungal potential ofSideroxylon obtusifoliumandSyzygium cuminiand their mode of action againstCandida albicans

“…The authors found that such fraction, rich in polyphenols, has very low cytotoxicity with LD 50 of 777 mg/kg by intraperitoneal route. With regard to S. cumini, an in vivo study by Silva et al (2012) showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of S. cumini leaves did not exert acute or chronic toxic effects on rodents by oral route, with LD 50 of 489 mg/kg. More sophisticated toxicological assays are now encouraged to further determine whether the Nb fraction and Sc would pose a risk or not against the host cells.…”

Studi Etnofarmakologi Tumbuhan Obat Yang Digunakan Oleh Penyehat Tradisional Untuk Mengatasi Diare Di Sulawesi Selatan

“…Ekstrak air kulit batang A. occidentale merangsang penyerapan natrium dan air pada usus kelinci, sehingga efektif dalam pengobatan diare (Yusuf et al, 2009). Biji A. occidentale memiliki sifat anti diare dengan menghambat hiper-sekresi, enteropooling gastro-intestinal, motilitas gastro-intestinal (Omoboyowa et al, 2013) Administrasi sub-kronis ekstrak kulit batang dalam A. occidentale tidak signifikan (p <0,05) menekan fungsi hepatosit pada tikus Wistar (Okonkwo et al, 2010) Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels/coppeng S. cumini secara tradisional digunakan untuk mengatasi diare di Pakistan (Shad et al, 2014;Srivastava & Chandra, 2013) Ekstrak metanol S. cumini mengandung tanin, flavonoid, alkaloid, fenol, saponin dan steroid (Shad et al, 2014) S. cumini menunjukkan aktivitas daya hambat terhadap bakteri E. coli (Shad et al, 2014) Ekstrak hidroalkohol daun S. cumini tidak memberikan efek akut dan kronis dengan pemberian oral pada tikus (Silva et al, 2012) Mekanisme antidiare lainnya adalah peran tumbuhan obat sebagai agen spasmolitik yang dapat melepaskan kejang-kejang otot yang seringkali menyebabkan nyeri perut pada diare. Pada Tabel 4 disebutkan efek spasmolitik pada P. guajava, C. longa dan A. cepa.…”

Subchronic toxicity evaluation of the hydroethanolic extract from Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec in Wistar rats

“…According to Silva et al (2012), hematological parameters are important for the toxicity study, due to the hematopoietic system that is highly sensitive to the toxic agents' activities, such as those with cytotoxic or mutagenic potential. These toxicants may result in many changes such as qualitative or quantitative, transient or permanent and may also limit the use of drugs.…”