The toxicity, distribution and excretion of ricin holotoxin in rats

Intramuscular Exposure to a Lethal Dose of Ricin Toxin Leads to Endothelial Glycocalyx Shedding and Microvascular Flow Abnormality in Mice and Swine

“…intoxication. In agreement with other studies [28][29][30], we detected prompt preferential binding of ricin to the vasculature in all tissues examined, which correlated with markedly increased tissue permeability in organs, such as the spleen and kidneys and, as previously published, the heart. Interestingly, despite the preferential binding of ricin to the vasculature in the liver, we could not detect hyperpermeability in this organ (data not shown) and only minor histological changes were observed.…”

Intramuscular Exposure to a Lethal Dose of Ricin Toxin Leads to Endothelial Glycocalyx Shedding and Microvascular Flow Abnormality in Mice and Swine

“…intoxication. In agreement with other studies [28][29][30], we detected prompt preferential binding of ricin to the vasculature in all tissues examined, which correlated with markedly increased tissue permeability in organs, such as the spleen and kidneys and, as previously published, the heart. Interestingly, despite the preferential binding of ricin to the vasculature in the liver, we could not detect hyperpermeability in this organ (data not shown) and only minor histological changes were observed.…”

Endocytosis of ricin by rat liver cells in vivo and in vitro is mainly mediated by mannose receptors on sinusoidal endothelial cells

“…The data presented here on the distribution of l25l-TC-ricin between rat organs in the absence of carbohydrate inhibitors agree well with previous reports (Thorpe et al, 1985;Skilleter and Foxwell, 1987;Ramsden et al, 1989;Frenoy et al, 1992). Also in good agreement with Frenoy et al 1992, we found that most of the total liver uptake was mannose-specific.…”

Intramuscular Ricin Poisoning of Mice Leads to Widespread Damage in the Heart, Spleen, and Bone Marrow

“…Following intoxication, this primary lymphoid organ was devoid of precursor cells, as well as various differentiated cell types. In agreement with our findings, it has been previously demonstrated by others that intravenously injected ricin is able to reach the marrow as efficiently as the liver and kidney [35], though it is not clear whether BM atrophy is an outcome of direct ricin interactions with this tissue, or conversely, a secondary effect. BM suppression can occur due to interruption of the blood supply [36] and if the consequence of BM emptying in the short term is not clear, however, in the long run, suppression of production of erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets in the BM would probably have a fatal outcome.…”

Intramuscular Exposure to a Lethal Dose of Ricin Toxin Leads to Endothelial Glycocalyx Shedding and Microvascular Flow Abnormality in Mice and Swine

“…intoxication. In agreement with other studies [28][29][30], we detected prompt preferential binding of ricin to the vasculature in all tissues examined, which correlated with markedly increased tissue permeability in organs, such as the spleen and kidneys and, as previously published, the heart. Interestingly, despite the preferential binding of ricin to the vasculature in the liver, we could not detect hyperpermeability in this organ (data not shown) and only minor histological changes were observed.…”

Endocytosis of ricin by rat liver cells in vivo and in vitro is mainly mediated by mannose receptors on sinusoidal endothelial cells

“…The data presented here on the distribution of l25l-TC-ricin between rat organs in the absence of carbohydrate inhibitors agree well with previous reports (Thorpe et al, 1985;Skilleter and Foxwell, 1987;Ramsden et al, 1989;Frenoy et al, 1992). Also in good agreement with Frenoy et al 1992, we found that most of the total liver uptake was mannose-specific.…”

Intramuscular Ricin Poisoning of Mice Leads to Widespread Damage in the Heart, Spleen, and Bone Marrow

“…Following intoxication, this primary lymphoid organ was devoid of precursor cells, as well as various differentiated cell types. In agreement with our findings, it has been previously demonstrated by others that intravenously injected ricin is able to reach the marrow as efficiently as the liver and kidney [35], though it is not clear whether BM atrophy is an outcome of direct ricin interactions with this tissue, or conversely, a secondary effect. BM suppression can occur due to interruption of the blood supply [36] and if the consequence of BM emptying in the short term is not clear, however, in the long run, suppression of production of erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets in the BM would probably have a fatal outcome.…”

Intramuscular Exposure to a Lethal Dose of Ricin Toxin Leads to Endothelial Glycocalyx Shedding and Microvascular Flow Abnormality in Mice and Swine

“…intoxication. In agreement with other studies [28][29][30], we detected prompt preferential binding of ricin to the vasculature in all tissues examined, which correlated with markedly increased tissue permeability in organs, such as the spleen and kidneys and, as previously published, the heart. Interestingly, despite the preferential binding of ricin to the vasculature in the liver, we could not detect hyperpermeability in this organ (data not shown) and only minor histological changes were observed.…”

Endocytosis of ricin by rat liver cells in vivo and in vitro is mainly mediated by mannose receptors on sinusoidal endothelial cells

“…The data presented here on the distribution of l25l-TC-ricin between rat organs in the absence of carbohydrate inhibitors agree well with previous reports (Thorpe et al, 1985;Skilleter and Foxwell, 1987;Ramsden et al, 1989;Frenoy et al, 1992). Also in good agreement with Frenoy et al 1992, we found that most of the total liver uptake was mannose-specific.…”

Intramuscular Ricin Poisoning of Mice Leads to Widespread Damage in the Heart, Spleen, and Bone Marrow

“…Following intoxication, this primary lymphoid organ was devoid of precursor cells, as well as various differentiated cell types. In agreement with our findings, it has been previously demonstrated by others that intravenously injected ricin is able to reach the marrow as efficiently as the liver and kidney [35], though it is not clear whether BM atrophy is an outcome of direct ricin interactions with this tissue, or conversely, a secondary effect. BM suppression can occur due to interruption of the blood supply [36] and if the consequence of BM emptying in the short term is not clear, however, in the long run, suppression of production of erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets in the BM would probably have a fatal outcome.…”