The threonine effect on calcium phosphate preparation from a solution containing Ca/P=1.33 molar ratio

Fabrication of gelatin/calcium phosphate composite nanofibrous membranes by biomimetic mineralization

“…5(b). The absorption band due to PO 3− 4 was also detected for the GEL-Ca-P composite membrane [28].…”

“…The diffraction peaks at around 26.0 • , 31.6 • , 32.2 • and 33.3 • were attributed to the diffraction of planes of the apatite phase[27,28]. The peaks at 22.6 • and 37.0 • were derived from (1 0 2) and (1 1 0) planes of CaCO 3 crystal.…”

Advanced bioactive and biodegradable ceramic biomaterials

“…The latter is characterised by a relative arrangement of Ca 2 + and PO 4 3− groups similar to that of apatite, whereas the former contains cations and anions that are more broadly distributed because of the presence of the interdispersed structural water molecules (Mahmud et al , 2010). Since the hydroxyapatite phase cannot be formed directly from solution, both octacalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate have been suggested as a primary mineral phase from which mature bone apatite is formed in vivo (Shadanbaz and Dias, 2012;Suzuki et al , 2008).…”

Synthesis and characterization of rod-like amino acids/nanohydroxyapatite composites to inhibit osteosarcoma

“…Therefore, threonine can participate in the synthesis process of hydroxyapatite and play a vital role in promoting cell growth and effectively promote the proliferation of osteoblasts. [21][22][23][24] There are a lot of negative charges on the surface of osteosarcoma cells, and the electrostatic repulsion between cells is signicantly increased, so the osteosarcoma cells are easy to escape from the tumor tissue. Alanine and threonine have positive charged amino groups, which can reduce the electronegativity of osteosarcoma cells and avoid osteosarcoma cells escaping from tumor tissue, and they can also guide various targeted drugs to attack osteosarcoma cells.…”