The tensile behavior of demineralized bovine cortical bone

Bowman, Steven M.; Zeind, John; Gibson, Lorna J.; Hayes, Wilson C.; McMahon, Thomas A.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(96)84546-5

Cited by 71 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Similarly the ultimate strength compared to previous reports (39.5 MPa (6) , 34 MPa (11) and 61.5 MPa (20) ) is also low (12 MPa) as obtained in this work. Here, the tensile tests were performed with the specimen immersed in saline to produce a uniform environment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Effect of Gradual Demineralization on the Mineral Fraction and Mechanical Properties of Cortical Bone

Todoh

Tadano

Giri

et al. 2009

JBSE

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Bone is often regarded as a composite material consisting of hydroxyapatite (HAp-like) mineral particles, organic matrix (mostly Type I collagen) and water phases in microscopic scale. The mechanical properties of bone at macroscopic scale depend on the structural organization and properties of constituents in the microscopic scale. In the attempts of understanding the effect of microscopic constituent on the mechanical properties of bone, the relationship between mechanical properties and mineral content of intact or completely demineralized samples have been studied. Even a slight alteration in the mineral content would have significant effect on the mechanical properties. In this work, the effect of degree of demineralization to the mechanical properties of bovine cortical bone was examined by gradually removing the mineral content and measuring constituents at every step till almost no traces of minerals were observed. Specimens were demineralized in 10% disodium EDTA solutions for 12, 24, 48, 72 hours and 14 days. The volume fraction of each structural constituent in the demineralized specimens was calculated from their X-ray absorption characteristics and quantifying transmitted X-ray intensity. Tensile tests were performed to measure the elastic modulus and ultimate strength of the demineralized specimens. This work shows the strong dependence of elastic modulus and ultimate strength of cortical bone to the mineral content as microscopic constituent. The degree of dependence with mineral loss has been demonstrated precisely so to provide the importance of mineral content and its role on the mechanical functioning of bone.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…MPa (20) ), we obtained much lower value (66 MPa). Similarly the ultimate strength compared to previous reports (39.5 MPa (6) , 34 MPa (11) and 61.5 MPa (20) ) is also low (12 MPa) as obtained in this work.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Effect of Gradual Demineralization on the Mineral Fraction and Mechanical Properties of Cortical Bone

Todoh

Tadano

Giri

et al. 2009

JBSE

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“…6, it can be seen that the strain estimated at the tip of the slit is high because of the stable cracks that develop immediately before the fracture occurs. However, the ultimate values of strain [26][27][28] for tensile tests on the collagen fibers of bovine cortical bone (decalcified bone) ranged between approximately 7% and 13%. These values were similar to the " x values determined by this technique for the tip of the slit at the fracture in the control group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Cortical Bone Strain Distribution by Image Correlation Techniques and from Fracture Toughness

et al. 2011

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Bone fracture toughness has been well studied, however, it is also important to investigate the effect of preservative treatment on the mechanical properties of bones. It is necessary to evaluate crack initiation and propagation after fracture because this process may be different in the case of injured bone tissues. In this study, we attempted to analyze the strain distribution on bone tissue surface by using image correlation techniques in order to elucidate the relationship between microscopic bone damage and strain distribution. Bovine femoral cortical bone was employed as the bone specimen and the three-point bend test method was used to determine the fracture toughness, in accordance with the ASTM E399 guidelines. An Instron type machine was used in the fracture toughness test and the loading rate was set to 1 mm/min. Black and white spray paint was applied in a random pattern to the surface of the specimens, and the specimens were loaded until they were ruptured. Bone surface strain analysis was performed using image correlation techniques and the changes were recorded in a digital image. In order to evaluate the effects of preservative treatment on the mechanical properties of bone, we categorized the specimens into 4 groups: the control group included the specimens that were submitted for testing immediately after machining and the preservation group comprised specimens that were analyzed after preservative treatment with different method (formalin, ethanol and physiological saline solution). A strain analysis performed using image correlation techniques allowed the visualization of the increased strain at the forward end of the slit of the specimens. The strain value at the forward end of the slit (the longitudinal direction of specimens) measured at the time of rupture in the control group was approximately 4 times larger than that in the formalin preservation group, thereby suggesting the embrittlement of bone organic constituents due to preservative treatment.

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“…34 Demineralized bone has been studied for creating phantoms to mimic the non-crystalline organic component of bone. 61 However, bone is a complicated material that is composed of HAP, collagen, and marrow tissue crystalline and organic fractions. Some researchers assume that X-ray absorption in the demineralized portion of bone is constant.…”

Section: Measurements and Calibrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of X-ray microcomputed tomography in dental research: application for the caries research

Park

Bae

Chang

et al. 2011

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent

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Caries remains prevalent throughout modern society and is the main disease in the field of dentistry. Although studies of this disease have used diverse methodology, recently, X-ray microtomography has gained popularity as a non-destructive, 3-dimensional (3D) analytical technique, and has several advantages over the conventional methods. According to X-ray source, it is classified as monochromatic or polychromatic with the latter being more widely used due to the high cost of the monochromatic source despite some advantages. The determination of mineral density profiles based on changes in X-ray attenuation is the principle of this method and calibration and image processing procedures are needed for the better image and reproducible measurements. Using this tool, 3D reconstruction is also possible and it enables to visualize the internal structures of dental caries. With the advances in the computer technology, more diverse applications are being studied, such automated caries assessment algorithms.

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The tensile behavior of demineralized bovine cortical bone

Cited by 71 publications

References 33 publications

Effect of Gradual Demineralization on the Mineral Fraction and Mechanical Properties of Cortical Bone

Effect of Gradual Demineralization on the Mineral Fraction and Mechanical Properties of Cortical Bone

Measurement of Cortical Bone Strain Distribution by Image Correlation Techniques and from Fracture Toughness

Theory of X-ray microcomputed tomography in dental research: application for the caries research

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