The “Taygetis ypthima species group” (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae): taxonomy, variation and description of a new species

Abstract

A new species of Taygetis Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) from southeastern Brazil is described: Taygetis drogoni sp. n. In addition, T. servius Weymer, 1910 and T. fulginia d’Almeida, 1922 are resurrected from synonymy and a taxonomic discussion on the species T. ypthima Hübner, [1821] and T. rectifascia Weymer, 1907 is provided. A dichotomous key for the species is also provided.

Morphology agrees with molecular data: phylogenetic affinities of Euptychiina butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

“…The genera Forsterinaria , Parataygetis and the ‘ Taygetis ypthima species group’ of Siewert et al . () (new genus ypthima + new genus rectifascia ) were recovered as monophyletic. Although the genus Taygetina was strongly supported by molecular data (Matos‐Maraví et al ., ), it emerged as polyphyletic here, possibly due to the marked morphological differences among the species.…”

Taxonomic revision of the “Pierella lamia species group” (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with descriptions of four new species from Brazil

“…In Satyrinae, for example, recent studies have demonstrated the usefulness of the examination of female genitalia to identification and delimitation of species (i.e. Pyrcz 2010; Siewert et al 2014;Penz et al 2014). In "Pierella lamia species group", female genitalia are completely distinct each other concerning their total size, structures shape and signa position, while the male genitalia of almost all species of these group (except P. boliviana) is homogeneous.…”

Description of two new species of the Neotropical genusYphthimoidesForster, 1964 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the ‘renataclade’

“…[23,24,[41][42][43][44][45]), and (2) cryptic species eventually distinguished by subtle external characters and/or morphology of genitalia (e.g. [20,25,46,47] this paper). The increasing use of molecular data such as the DNA barcodes has increased the identification of those in the second group (cryptic species), helping to uncover a high hidden biodiversity in Euptychiina.…”

“…Sequences were analyzed with the program FinchTV v. 1.4.0 (Geospiza, PerkinElmer Inc., Waltham, MA), and posteriorly aligned using BioEdit v. 7.2.4 (Tom Hall 2013, available at http:// www.mbio.ncsu.edu/bioedit/bioedit.html#downloads) with GenBank sequences (Yph_sp, CP08-88; CP12-03; MAL-04257; 07-SRNP-100018). [20] The final matrix comprised 44 sequences from 16 Yphthimoides species ( Table 1).…”

“…[15,16] Exacerbating the problem of quantifying and reducing the loss of biodiversity is the issue that several undescribed taxa may be hidden within morphologically similar species complexes, as is the case of many butterflies in the subfamily Satyrinae, particularly in the subtribe Euptychiina [17,18]. In addition, a number of Euptychiina genera are non-monophyletic, [17,[19][20][21] even though their species may be similar in external appearance. Such is the case of Yphthimoides Forster, 1964, a relatively speciose Euptychiina genus whose species have been recently reorganized into at least three other Euptychiina genera, and for which six new species have been described in the last decade.…”