“…Ethanedinitrile penetrates through wood or across the grain faster than methyl bromide and carbonyl sulÞde (OÕBrien et al 1995, Ren et al 1997). In addition, ethanedinitrile can dissolve in water, and its toxicity to insects is increased with both relative humidity and CO 2 (Brotherton and Lynn 1959, OÕBrien et al 1995, Viljoen and Ren 2001. Therefore, in comparison with methyl bromide, sulfuryl ßuoride, and carbonyl sulÞde, ethanedinitrile seems to promise high efÞcacy of fumigation at high relative humidity and high CO 2 concentrations.…”