The Surface Tension and the Density of Molten Binary Alkali Carbonate Systems

Kojima, Toshikatsu; Yanagida, Masahiro; Tanimoto, Kazumi; Tamiya, Y.; Matsumoto, Hajime; Miyazaki, Yoshinori

doi:10.5796/electrochemistry.67.593

Cited by 18 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…where g is the gravitational acceleration, and d is the diameter of the stem (mm). Our measurements of c(T) for Li 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , and K 2 CO 3 (Table 2) are broadly consistent with those reported by Janz and Lorenz (1961) and Kojima et al (1999). The surface tension data are not expected to be identical owing to the different materials that were used in the different studies (Pt vs. Au-Pd vs. Al 2 O 3 ).…”

Section: Surface Tensionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The results of our density measurements on the alkali carbonate liquids are compared to those from six previous studies (Kojima et al 1999;Araki et al 1987;Spedding 1970;Ward and Janz 1965;Vorob'ev et al 1961;Janz and Lorenz 1961) in Figs. 2, 3, 4.…”

Section: The Alkali Carbonate Liquids: Comparison With Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Only one previous study (Janz and Lorenz 1961) measured the density of well-known liquid standards as a test of the accuracy of their method. Of the six previous studies, one is based on the maximum bubble pressure method (Kojima et al 1999), whereas all others are based on the single-bob Archimedean method. Although the maximum bubble pressure method gives density errors of $2% for silicate melts (Barrett and Thomas 1959), Kojima et al (1999) report a maximum experimental error of 0.9% for the more fluid, alkali carbonate melts.…”

Section: The Alkali Carbonate Liquids: Comparison With Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the six previous studies, one is based on the maximum bubble pressure method (Kojima et al 1999), whereas all others are based on the single-bob Archimedean method. Although the maximum bubble pressure method gives density errors of $2% for silicate melts (Barrett and Thomas 1959), Kojima et al (1999) report a maximum experimental error of 0.9% for the more fluid, alkali carbonate melts. Our results are within experimental error of those of Kojima et al (1999) for the three end-member liquids (Fig.…”

Section: The Alkali Carbonate Liquids: Comparison With Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the maximum bubble pressure method gives density errors of $2% for silicate melts (Barrett and Thomas 1959), Kojima et al (1999) report a maximum experimental error of 0.9% for the more fluid, alkali carbonate melts. Our results are within experimental error of those of Kojima et al (1999) for the three end-member liquids (Fig. 2) and the three binary alkali liquids measured in both studies (Fig.…”

Section: The Alkali Carbonate Liquids: Comparison With Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New density measurements on carbonate liquids and the partial molar volume of the CaCO 3 component

Liu

Lange

2003

Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology

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Density measurements on nine liquids in the CaCO 3-Li 2 CO 3-Na 2 CO 3-K 2 CO 3 quaternary system were performed at 1 bar between 555 and 969°C using the double-bob Archimedean method. Our density data on the end-member alkali carbonate liquids are in excellent agreement with the NIST standards compiled by Janz (1992). The results were fitted to a volume equation that is linear in composition and temperature; this model recovers the measured volumes within experimental error (±0.18% on average, with a maximum residual of ±0.50%). Our results indicate that the density of the CaCO 3 component in natrocarbonate liquids is 2.502 (±0.014) g/cm 3 at 800°C and 1 bar, which is within the range of silicate melts; its coefficient of thermal expansion is 1.8 (±0.5)•10)4 K)1 at 800°C. Although the volumes of carbonate liquids mix linearly with respect to carbonate components, they do not mix linearly with silicate liquids. Our data are used with those in the literature to estimate the value of V CO 2 in alkaline silicate magmas (‡20 cm 3 /mol at 1400°C and 20 kbar), where CO 2 is dissolved as carbonate in close association with Ca. Our volume measurements are combined with sound speed data in the literature to derive the compressibility of the end-member liquids Li 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , and K 2 CO 3. These results are combined with calorimetric data to calculate the fusion curves for Li 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , and K 2 CO 3 to 5 kbar; the calculations are in excellent agreement with experimental determinations of the respective melting reactions.

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Section: Surface Tensionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: The Alkali Carbonate Liquids: Comparison With Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: The Alkali Carbonate Liquids: Comparison With Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Alkali Carbonate Liquids: Comparison With Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Alkali Carbonate Liquids: Comparison With Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New density measurements on carbonate liquids and the partial molar volume of the CaCO 3 component

Liu

Lange

2003

Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology

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Review of molten carbonate-based direct carbon fuel cells

Cui

Gong

et al. 2021

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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Direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) is a promising technology with high energy efficiency and abundant fuel. To date, a variety of DCFC configurations have been investigated, with molten hydroxide, molten carbonate or oxides being used as the electrolyte. Recently, there has been particular interest in DCFC with molten carbonate involved. The molten carbonate is either an electrolyte or a catalyst in different cell structures. In this review, we consider carbonate as the clue to discuss the function of carbonate in DCFCs, and start the paper by outlining the developments in terms of molten carbonate (MC)-based DCFC and its electrochemical oxidation processes. Thereafter, the composite electrolyte merging solid carbonate and mixed ionic–electronic conductors (MIEC) are discussed. Hybrid DCFC (HDCFCs ) combining molten carbonate and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) are also touched on. The primary function of carbonate (i.e., facilitating ion transfer and expanding the triple-phase boundaries) in these systems, is then discussed in detail. Finally, some issues are identified and a future outlook outlined, including a corrosion attack of cell components, reactions using inorganic salt from fuel ash, and wetting with carbon fuels.

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