The Study of Brown Rice Starch Effect On Hydroxyapatite Composites

Abstract

The fabrication of starch-hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds was conducted previously by using corn, tapioca and rice. Here, local brown rice was chosen as the source of starch since different type of rice may give different outcome of in term of the scaffold’s materials characteristics. The main aim of this study is to obtain a brown rice starch-hydroxyapatite (HA) composite scaffolds that could imitate the structure and the characteristics of a natural bone. The fabrication process involved solvent casting and particulate leaching method which using NaCl as a porogen agent. Four ratios of starch-HA were fabricated with concentration of starch 50wt%, 60wt%, 70wt% and 80wt%. Afterward, the effects of the brown rice starch on the scaffolds were investigated by water absorption test and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Here, only 50wt% and 60wt% ratio of starch-HA can be used to fabricate tissue scaffolds using solvent casting and particulate leaching method. Hence, the 60wt% ratio scaffolds has the highest water absorption of all and the pore’s size observed through SEM corresponded to this. The FTIR also shows there are more interactions between Brown Rice starch and HA for the 60wt% ratio.

The State of Starch/Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffold in Bone Tissue Engineering with Consideration for Dielectric Measurement as an Alternative Characterization Technique

“…Although the experimental setup was generally similar between the work done by Mohd-Riza et al [ 72 ], Hori et al [ 73 ], and Mohd-Nasir et al [ 74 ], the different botanical origins of starch resulted in different pore sizes, as revealed from their respective SEM images. The scaffolds fabricated using starch from “Balik Wangi” rice, “Ubi Gadong”, and brown rice had a pore size in the range of 10–400 , 80–600 and 138–1010 respectively.…”

“…Several starches from different botanical origins were used in the scaffold fabrication, in which NaCl was used as the porogen [ 72 , 73 , 74 ]. In these studies, a scaffold that possessed high porosity and high water uptake abilities could be achieved by increasing the starch concentration to a certain level.…”

“…Studies by Razali et al [ 22 ], Beh et al [ 103 ], Roslan et al [ 72 ] and Mohd Nasir et al [ 74 ] involved the measurement of dielectric constant (ε ′ ) and dielectric loss (ε ″ ) of the starch/HA bone tissue scaffolds by using transmission line method at frequencies that ranged from 12.4 GHz to 18 GHz [ 55 , 104 ]. Here, the dielectric spectroscopy measurement applies to any porous composite scaffolds as the porous architecture could be quantified by respective ε′ and ε″ value.…”