The Structure of Milk: Implications for Sampling and Storage

Keenan, T.W.; Patton, Stuart

doi:10.1016/b978-012384430-9/50004-4

Cited by 85 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Lipid globules in the milk of at least some species vary considerably in size [28]. It is not known whether some smaller droplets have been secreted or whether larger droplets have broken up during or after secretion.…”

Section: Formation Of Milk Lipid Globulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk lipid and protein traffic in mammary epithelial cells: joint and independent pathways

Ollivier-Bousquet

2002

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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-In mammary epithelial cells, milk lipids and proteins are synthesised in the same compartment, the endoplasmic reticulum. Lipids, carried through the cytoplasm, associate with the apical membrane which then pinches off and releases the lipid globule. Proteins, carried through membrane compartments are released in the lumen after fusion of secretory vesicles with the apical membrane. These processes assure a relatively constant composition of milk but it is not known whether lipid and protein secretion are linked. The protein composition of the milk fat globule membrane and the stimulatory effects of prolactin and oxytocin on lipid and protein secretion suggest that these processes are coupled and co-regulated. However, it is possible to observe a dissociation between the formation and the secretion of the two constituents, during differentiation and in various experimental conditions, and this suggests that coupling is not strictly required. milk lipids / mammary epithelial cells / secretionRésumé -Transport des lipides et des protéines du lait dans les cellules épithéliales mammaires. Dans la cellule épithéliale mammaire, les lipides et les protéines du lait sont synthéti-sés dans le même compartiment, le reticulum endoplasmique. Les lipides transportés à travers le cytoplasme s'accolent à la membrane plasmique apicale qui les enveloppe avant leur sécrétion. Les protéines, transportées dans des compartiments membranaires jusqu'aux vésicules de sécrétion, sont libérées dans la lumière après fusion des vésicules avec la membrane apicale. Ces processus assurent une composition relativement constante du lait. Cependant, on ne sait pas si ces deux types de sécré-tion sont liés. La composition protéique de la membrane du globule gras et l'effet stimulant de la prolactine et de l'ocytocine sur la sécrétion des deux constituants suggèrent que synthèse et sécrétion sont liées et co-régulées. Cependant, la possibilité d'observer une dissociation entre la formation et la sécrétion des deux constituants suggère que ce couplage n'est pas obligatoire.lipides du lait / cellule épithéliale mammaire / sécrétion

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Section: Formation Of Milk Lipid Globulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk lipid and protein traffic in mammary epithelial cells: joint and independent pathways

Ollivier-Bousquet

2002

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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“…churning, repeated freezing and thawing) or chemical techniques, such as those using surfactants to destabilize the fat globules, or washing techniques using water, sucrose solutions and/or buffers followed by a separation technique (usually centrifugation). Different results were obtained depending on the isolation techniques and conditions used [Wooding, 1971a, b;Anderson & Brooker, 1975;Bhavadasan & Ganguli, 1976Mather et al, 1977;Yamauchi et al, 1978;McPherson & Kitchen, 1983;Walstra, 1985;Keenan et al, 1988;Keenan & Patton, 1995;Walstra et al, 1999;Danthine et al, 2000;Morin et al, 2007].…”

Section: Some Physical and Mechanical Factors Affecting The Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MFGM contained PE, PC, PS, PI, SM and the lyso-derivative forms of PE and PC [Sanchez-Juanes et al, 2009]. Lyso-derivatives of PL have previously been reported in milk [Keenan & Patton, 1995], but several authors consider that they are probably artifacts caused by careless sample preparation, or that they could be due to lipolytic enzyme activity [Rombaut et al, 2005]. Ceramide monohexoside (glucosylceramide) and ceramide-dihexoside (lactosylceramide) have often been mistakenly included by several authors as PL ( Table 2).…”

Section: Lipids Of the Milk Fat Globule Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The origin and the secretion of milk fat globules have been covered in many reviews [Bargmann & Knoop, 1959;Patton & Jensen, 1975;Franke et al, 1981;Keenan et al, 1983;Mather & Keenan, 1983, 1998Mather, 1987;Keenan et al, 1988;Aoki et al, 1994;Keenan & Dylewski, 1995;Keenan & Patton, 1995;Keenan, 2001;Heid & Keenan, 2005].…”

Section: Origin Of Milk-fat Globulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, due to their origin, composition and structure, MFGM polar lipids and proteins could be used as an emulsifier or stabilizer, combining technological and nutritional functionality [Mulder & Walstra, 1974;Anderson & Cawston, 1975;Patton & Keenan, 1975;Patton & Jensen, 1975, 1976Keenan et al, 1983;Mather & Keenan, 1983; McPherson & Kitchen, 1983; Walstra & Jenness, 1984;Keenan & Dylewski, 1985 Bucbheim, 1986;Mather, 1987; Keenan et al, 1988;Keenan & Dylewski, 1995;Keenan & Patton, 1995;Mather & Keenan, 1998;Danthine et al, 2000; Keenan, 2001; Keenan & Mather, 2002; Ollivier--Bousquet, 2002;Lopez et al, 2006Lopez et al, , 2007Sanchez-Juanes et al, 2009;Zamora et al, 2009].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Composition, Properties and Nutritional Aspects of Milk Fat Globule Membrane – A Review

El-Loly¹

2011

Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci.

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processes and defense mechanisms in the newborn [Cavaletto et al., 2006].The stabilizing membrane acts as reactive sorts on the interface between the barriers of milk serum. As such, it can be globule and rate-controlling for a host of physical and of enzymes chemical interactions, e.g., binding mace elements; controlled release of the polar materials products of lipolysis; transfer of milk serum; maintenance of emulsion into stability by prevention of globule fusion; availability of fatty acids and cholesterol for micellar absorption in the small intestine; and destabilization by creaming, clumping, churning, freeze-thaw, and heating, resulting in loosely bound substances into milk transfer serum. Worthy of notice is that the interactions are dynamic.Moreover, it is assumed that the MFGM proteins also possess specific nutritional properties. As such, due to their origin, composition and structure, MFGM polar lipids and proteins could be used as an emulsifier or stabilizer, combining technological and nutritional functionality [Mulder & Walstra, 1974;Anderson & Cawston, 1975;Patton & Keenan, 1975;Patton & Jensen, 1975, 1976Keenan et al., 1983;Mather & Keenan, 1983; McPherson & Kitchen, 1983; Walstra & Jenness, 1984;Keenan & Dylewski, 1985 Bucbheim, 1986;Mather, 1987; Keenan et al., 1988;Keenan & Dylewski, 1995;Keenan & Patton, 1995;Mather & Keenan, 1998;Danthine et al., 2000; Keenan, 2001; Keenan & Mather, 2002; Ollivier--Bousquet, 2002;Lopez et al., 2006Lopez et al., , 2007Sanchez-Juanes et al., 2009;Zamora et al., 2009]. Composition, Properties and Nutritional Aspects of Milk Fat Globule Membrane -a Review Mohamed Mansour El-Loly Dairy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, EgyptKey words: milk fat globule membrane, mammary gland, isolation, structure, stability, nutritional, nutraceuticalIn the last few years, knowledge on the composition and properties of the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) increased significantly. It is now recognized that the MFGM is highly complex in structure and composed of different protein and lipid components with specific technological and nutritional properties. As such, MFGM materials have been isolated and characterized as valuable ingredients for incorporation into new food products. However, MFGM are also sensitive to modification during isolation and processing, and care should be taken to standardize the composition and characteristics of the membrane to maintain its unique properties during application in food products.The MFGM is subject to changes in composition and structure from the moment the fat globule leaves the mammary secretory cell. Upon milk harvesting and further milk handling, further changes to the MFGM take place. Depending on the type and degree of treatment, this may involve different physico-chemical interactions between various membrane components, the loss of membrane components and/or adsorption of components from the milk plasma. However, the effects appear to be variable and dependent on physiological (animal) factors, and much remains ...

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Proteomics reveal a link between the endoplasmic reticulum and lipid secretory mechanisms in mammary epithelial cells

Wu¹,

Howell²,

Neville

et al. 2000

Electrophoresis

198

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The synthesis and secretion of lipids by mammary epithelial cells is a highly ordered process that involves several distinct steps. Triacylglycerols are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and incorporated into microlipid droplets which coalesce into cytoplasmic lipid droplets. These are vectorially transported to the apical plasma membrane where they are secreted into the milk surrounded by a membrane bilayer. The origin of this membrane as well as the mechanism by which cytoplasmic lipid droplets form and become surrounded by membrane is poorly understood. Proteomic analysis of the protein composition of milk fat globules and cytoplasmic lipid droplet has revealed that the endoplasmic reticulum is not only involved in the synthesis of the lipid but also potentially contributes to the membrane component of milk fat globules. The proteins identified suggest possible mechanisms of multiple steps during this process. Completion of the proteome of milk fat globule membranes and cytoplasmic lipid droplets will provide the necessary reporter molecules to follow and dissect the mechanisms of the sorting and ultimate secretion of cytoplasmic lipid droplets.

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The Structure of Milk: Implications for Sampling and Storage

Cited by 85 publications

References 107 publications

Milk lipid and protein traffic in mammary epithelial cells: joint and independent pathways

Milk lipid and protein traffic in mammary epithelial cells: joint and independent pathways

Composition, Properties and Nutritional Aspects of Milk Fat Globule Membrane – A Review

Proteomics reveal a link between the endoplasmic reticulum and lipid secretory mechanisms in mammary epithelial cells

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