The structure of emotion regulation strategies in adolescence: Differential links to internalizing and externalizing problems

Brinke, Lysanne W. te; Menting, Ankie; Schuiringa, Hilde D.; Zeman, Janice; Deković, Maja

doi:10.1111/sode.12496

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…These families of functional strategies represent behavioral rather than cognitive ER. Interestingly, one study that analyzed profiles of dysfunctional ER also found externalizing problems to be associated with a more behavioral regulation style, whereas a cognitive regulation style was more strongly related to internalizing problems ( 65 ). The findings of our study extend these results with regard to functional ER and suggest that this distinction may also be useful for future research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process-Oriented Measurement of Emotion Regulation: General and Specific Associations With Psychosocial Adjustment and Well-Being in (Pre-)Adolescence

Rueth

Lohaus

2022

Front. Psychiatry

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The development of emotion regulation (ER) is associated with children’s and adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment and well-being. In this regard, previous studies have examined the role of different ER strategies, which can be characterized as being functional (e.g., reappraisal, problem solving) or dysfunctional (e.g., suppression, rumination). Based on the process model of emotion regulation, the strategies can also be classified according to their temporal position within the emotion generative process, with five families of ER strategies being proposed: situation selection, situation modification, attentional deployment, cognitive change, and response modulation. This study aimed to examine the role of ER for adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment (internalizing and externalizing problems, prosocial behavior) and well-being. First, associations were investigated on a more general level by distinguishing between functional and dysfunctional ER. Second, relations were examined on a more specific level by additionally distinguishing between the five families of ER strategies as suggested in the process model of ER. Questionnaire self-reports of N = 1,727 German children and adolescents (55% girls) aged 9–18 years (M = 13.03, SD = 1.75) collected in schools were analyzed. Path analyses showed that more functional and less dysfunctional ER in general is associated with fewer internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and higher well-being. Prosocial behavior was only positively related to functional but not dysfunctional ER. Analyses of associations on the level of specific categories of ER strategies generally showed a similar pattern, but in part indicated differential associations with the dependent variables: Internalizing problems were particularly associated with functional situation selection, dysfunctional cognitive change, and dysfunctional response modulation. Externalizing problems were associated with functional situation selection and response modulation, as well as numerous dysfunctional strategies, none of which were particularly salient. Similarly, numerous rather than single specific associations emerged between prosocial behavior and the five categories of functional ER strategies. Well-being was particularly associated with functional situation selection and dysfunctional cognitive change. Overall, a more precise assessment of ER, as implemented in this study, could not only advance research in this field, but can also be helpful in planning and evaluating prevention and intervention programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process-Oriented Measurement of Emotion Regulation: General and Specific Associations With Psychosocial Adjustment and Well-Being in (Pre-)Adolescence

Rueth

Lohaus

2022

Front. Psychiatry

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“…However emotion regulation strategies usually work in concert (Ford et al, 2019). Accordingly, recent studies on emotion regulation in children and adolescence started focusing on profiles of emotion regulation strategies (e.g., te Brinke et al, 2020; van den Heuvel et al, 2020; Zhang et al, 2019). These type of investigations cluster participants into separate groups according to similar emotion regulation profiles.…”

Section: The Development Of Self-conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion regulation and self-criticism in children and adolescence: Longitudinal networks of transdiagnostic risk factors.

Polack¹,

Everaert²,

Uddenberg³

et al. 2021

Emotion

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Adolescence is a time of heightened risk for the development of psychopathology. Difficulties in emotion regulation and heightened levels of self-criticism are two processes that have been proposed as critical risk factors. Considering the accumulating evidence that risk factors rarely work in isolation, there is a pressing need to examine how self-criticism and emotion regulations strategies interact. The present study utilizes a network analysis approach to address this goal. One-hundred thirty-five children and adolescents (ages 8-15) completed daily-diaries every evening for 21 days (total N of assessments = 2,564), reporting self-criticism and use of emotion regulation strategies focused on negative and positive emotions. Network analysis was applied to estimate contemporaneous, temporal, and between-person networks. Results show that emotion regulation strategies are generally positively associated with each other at the within and between individual levels. As predicted, self-criticism was positively associated with rumination and dampening at the between and within-person networks; unexpectedly, problemsolving also clustered with them in the contemporaneous network. Moreover, problem-solving led to next-day increases in rumination and dampening, whereas self-criticism led to next-day increases in rumination but decreases in dampening. Finally, distraction in response to negative affect was closely tied with strategies that up-regulate positive affect. Collectively, these results shed light on the complex pathways through which self-criticism and emotion regulation interact over time.

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“…On the other hand, the vulnerability‐stress model of psychopathology proposes that individuals who engage in behavioral problems may likely share vulnerability factors (e.g., impulsive and aggressive traits, high aversive emotions), and adolescents with these vulnerability factors are at a higher risk of subsequent adjustment problems, such as NSSI or suicide attempts (Hayes et al, 1996; Marsh et al, 2009; Nock, 2010). Besides, adolescents with behavioral problems report more intense emotions and high degrees of behavioral maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (te Brinke et al, 2020), for these young people, NSSI may be an effective means of diminishing aversive symptoms by regulating these emotions (Cassels et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friend support buffers the relationship between maltreatment and nonsuicidal self‐injury in adolescence

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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Background: Prior studies have mostly focused on the risk factors for nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), but only a few studies have emphasized the related protective factors. The present study examined whether maltreatment and behavioral problems were risk factors for NSSI. Moreover, we also sought to understand whether and how friend support provides a buffer against NSSI.Method: A total of 436 adolescents completed self-report surveys that addressed maltreatment, behavioral problems, friend support, and NSSI at three different time points.Results: There were significant positive correlations between maltreatment and NSSI. In the mediation analyses, we found that maltreatment was indirectly associated with NSSI via behavioral problems. Friend support demonstrated a longterm buffering effect on NSSI. Specifically, friend support had a protective effect on NSSI not only under high maltreatment levels, but also under high behavioral problem levels. Conclusion:These findings contribute to the understanding of the influences of both maltreatment, behavioral problems (risk factors), and friend support (protective factors) on NSSI. In the context of intervention and education, it is important to consider the value of friend support when discussing NSSI.

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The structure of emotion regulation strategies in adolescence: Differential links to internalizing and externalizing problems

Cited by 25 publications

References 67 publications

Process-Oriented Measurement of Emotion Regulation: General and Specific Associations With Psychosocial Adjustment and Well-Being in (Pre-)Adolescence

Process-Oriented Measurement of Emotion Regulation: General and Specific Associations With Psychosocial Adjustment and Well-Being in (Pre-)Adolescence

Emotion regulation and self-criticism in children and adolescence: Longitudinal networks of transdiagnostic risk factors.

Friend support buffers the relationship between maltreatment and nonsuicidal self‐injury in adolescence

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