The Structure of ASFV Advances the Fight against the Disease

Xian, Yuejiao; Xiao, Chuan

doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2020.01.007

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The diameter of the virus particles is between 260-300 nm. ASFV has a multiple-layer structure, including the envelope, capsid, inner envelope, core shell and nucleoid from outside to inside ( 18 , 19 ) as shown in Figure 1 .…”

Section: Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of African Swine Fever Virus and Associated Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Infection and Immunosuppression: A Review

et al. 2021

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African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, highly contagious, and deadly infectious disease. The mortality rate of the most acute and acute ASF infection is almost 100%. The World Organization for Animal Health [Office International des épizooties (OIE)] lists it as a legally reported animal disease and China lists it as class I animal epidemic. Since the first diagnosed ASF case in China on August 3, 2018, it has caused huge economic losses to animal husbandry. ASF is caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), which is the only member of Asfarviridae family. ASFV is and the only insect-borne DNA virus belonging to the Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses (NCLDV) family with an icosahedral structure and an envelope. Till date, there are still no effective vaccines or antiviral drugs for the prevention or treatment of ASF. The complex viral genome and its sophisticated ability to regulate the host immune response may be the reason for the difficulty in developing an effective vaccine. This review summarizes the recent findings on ASFV structure, the molecular mechanism of ASFV infection and immunosuppression, and ASFV-encoded proteins to provide comprehensive proteomic information for basic research on ASFV. In addition, it also analyzes the results of previous studies and speculations on the molecular mechanism of ASFV infection, which aids the study of the mechanism of clinical pathological phenomena, and provides a possible direction for an intensive study of ASFV infection mechanism. By summarizing the findings on molecular mechanism of ASFV- regulated host cell immune response, this review provides orientations and ideas for fundamental research on ASFV and provides a theoretical basis for the development of protective vaccines against ASFV.

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Section: Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of African Swine Fever Virus and Associated Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Infection and Immunosuppression: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…ASFV has a large genome and intricate immune escape mechanisms that can be well evaded by the host immune cell clearance, so there are no safe and efficient vaccines and therapeutics, and the way to control the spread of this virus is simply to cull infected animals ( Chenais et al, 2019 ). The ASFV genome contains 150–167 open reading frames (ORFs) and can encode more than 100 protein molecules ( Xian and Xiao, 2020 ). The ASFV p72 protein is encoded by the B646L gene and is located on the surface of the viral capsid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Application of RAA Nucleic Acid Test Strip Assay and Double RAA Gel Electrophoresis Detection Methods for ASFV and CSFV

Zhang

Zeng

et al. 2022

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, severe and hemorrhagic infectious disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV) infecting domestic pigs and wild boars. Since the outbreak of the disease in China in 2018, it has brought a great impact on China’s pig industry. Classical swine fever (CSF) is an acute contact infectious disease of pigs caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection. Clinically, acute CSF usually shows persistent high fever, anorexia, extensive congestion and bleeding of the skin and mucosa, which are similar to ASF. It is of great significance to prevent, control and accurately detect ASF and CSF in pig farms. In this study, Recombinase aided amplification (RAA) technology combined with a nucleic acid test strip (RAA-strip) was established for simple and specific detection of ASFV/CSFV. The sensitivity and preliminary clinical application results showed that the RAA test strip established in this study could detect recombinant plasmids containing ASFV/CSFV gene fragments as low as 103 copies/µL. The minimum detection limits of virus DNA/cDNA were 10 and 12 pg respectively, and there was no cross-reaction with other porcine viruses. The specificity of the method was good. We used 37–42 clinical samples to evaluate the performance of our established method, and the positive concordance rates with conventional PCR were 94.1 and 57.1%, respectively. In addition, ASFV and CSFV double RAA agarose gel electrophoresis detection methods were established. The results showed that the method had good specificity. The detection limit of this method is 106 copies for ASFV p72 gene recombinant plasmid and 105 copies for CSFV NS5B Gene recombinant plasmid. The use of this method for clinical material detection was consistent with the PCR method. In summary, the developed method of RAA-strip assay for ASFV and CSFV realized the visual detection of pathogens, and the developed method of dual RAA agarose gel electrophoresis assay for ASFV and CSFV realized the simultaneous detection of two pathogens in one reaction, with good specificity, high sensitivity and rapid reaction rate, which was expected to be clinically feasible for the differential diagnosis of ASF and CSF provided technical support.

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“…ASFV is a member of the Asfivirus genus within the Asfarviridae family, which has a linear double-stranded DNA genome of 170194 kb encoding 150167 proteins, including structural and host immunomodulatory proteins (4,5). The ASFV virion consists of an internal core, an internal lipid membrane, an icosahedral capsid, and an outer lipid envelope (6,7). ASFV is relatively stable and can survive in meat and blood for several months at room temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient inactivation of African swine fever virus by a highly complexed iodine combined with compound organic acids

Qi¹,

Pan²,

Gao³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious disease with high morbidity and mortality caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Cleaning and disinfection remain one of the most effective biosecurity measures to prevent and control the spread of ASFV. In this study, we evaluated the inactivation effects of highly complexed iodine (HPCI) combined with compound organic acids (COAs) against ASFV under different conditions. The results showed that the inactivation rates of the disinfectants on the reporter ASFV increased in dose- and time-dependent manners, the best inactivation effects were obtained when the compatibility ratio of HPCI and COAs was 5:1 at 25°C. Furthermore, there were no significant differences by comparing the efficacy of HPCI combined with COAs (HPCI+COAs) in inactivating wild-type ASFV and the reporter ASFV (P > 0.05). ASFV of 104.0 TCID50/mL was completely inactivated by 0.13% HPCI (0.0065% effective iodine), 0.06% COAs or 0.13% HPCI+COAs (approximately 0.0054% effective iodine), respectively, while 106.0 TCID50/mL ASFV was completely inactivated by 1.00% HPCI (0.05% effective iodine), 0.50% COAs or 1.00% HPCI+COAs (0.042% effective iodine), respectively. Therefore, HPCI+COAs had synergistic effects to inactivate ASFV. This study demonstrated that HPCI+COAs could rapidly and efficiently inactivate ASFV and represent an effective compound disinfectant for the control of ASF.

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The Structure of ASFV Advances the Fight against the Disease

Cited by 26 publications

References 10 publications

Structure of African Swine Fever Virus and Associated Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Infection and Immunosuppression: A Review

Structure of African Swine Fever Virus and Associated Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Infection and Immunosuppression: A Review

Development and Application of RAA Nucleic Acid Test Strip Assay and Double RAA Gel Electrophoresis Detection Methods for ASFV and CSFV

Efficient inactivation of African swine fever virus by a highly complexed iodine combined with compound organic acids

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