The Strategic Use of Parallel Play: A Sequential Analysis

Bakeman, Roger; Brownlee, John

doi:10.2307/1129476

Cited by 117 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Because the children often play in close proximity to one another, passive play may well evolve into more active forms of play . Bakeman and Brownlee (1980) observed that parallel play often serves as a stepping-stone to group play for typically developing children, and this also may be the case for children with mild developmental delays (Guralnick & Hammond, in press) . Findings for the passive measures also address a frequently stated expectation of inclusion ; that of equal access .…”

Section: Connectednessmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nature and Meaning of Social Integration for Young Children With Mild Developmental Delays in Inclusive Settings

Guralnick

1999

Journal of Early Intervention

108

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One expectation of inclusive practices is that meaningful social relationships will form between children with and without special needs as they become familiar with one another in early childhood settings . This expectation that social integration will occur with respect to children's peer relationships and friendships seems reasonable because inclusive practices emphasize principles and values that seek to maximize respect for individual differences in developIt, ensure equal access, and foster a sense of .,belonging to a common community (Guralnick, 1978(Guralnick, , 1990 . Ideally, we would hope that inclusive early childhood programs would be characterized by children's willingness to understand, go beyond, accept, and even overlook developmental differences, unusual behavior patterns, or certain physical characteristics of their peers, and establish productive social relationships . To support the development of these positive relationships between children with and without special needs, the programmatic design of quality early childhood settings should exemplify inclusive principles and values by promoting full participation of all children in social and nonsocial activities, and by adapting and accommodating to children's special needs.In view of the importance of what is certainly a core issue in our field, the degree to which the

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Section: Connectednessmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nature and Meaning of Social Integration for Young Children With Mild Developmental Delays in Inclusive Settings

Guralnick

1999

Journal of Early Intervention

108

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“…Cetacean play may be solitary or social. Parallel play is a form of solitary play that occurs in a social context (Bakeman & Brownlee, 1980). For example, two dolphins in the same location that are playing with their own bubbles but not interacting with one another would be engaging in parallel play.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) Novel Bubble Helix Play Behavior

Jones¹,

Kuczaj²

2014

ABC

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“…If cases are assigned to groups, then summary statistics are printed for each group. For example, Bakeman and Brownlee (1980) observed two kinds (groups) of children, preterm and full-term. There were 41 children (cases) in all, and each child was observed on several different days (observations).…”

Section: Z-score Computationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(l) mean joint frequencies, (2) mean transitional probabilities, (3) mean z scores (the sum of the individual z scores is divided by the square root of the number of cases, not by the number of cases; see Cochran, 1954), and (4) the number of z scores for each transitional probability that were above, or below, their expected value. This is useful because a deviation from a 50-50 split can be tested with a sign test (see Bakeman & Brownlee, 1980). (Note, however, that some z scores may equal their expected values and therefore would not be counted as either above or below.…”

Section: Print Filementioning

confidence: 99%