The solubility of copper in high-temperature magmatic vapors: A quest for the significance of various chloride and sulfide complexes

Zajacz, Zoltán; Seo, Jung Hun; Candela, Philip A.; Piccoli, Philip M.; Tossell, J. A.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.02.029

Cited by 125 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…A3). The presented thermodynamic calculations suggest that the Pokrovski et al 2008;Zajacz and Halter 2009;Zajacz et al 2011;Blundy et al 2015). Although high Cu solubility in a magmatic aqueous vapour phase is under discussion (Lerchbaumer and Audétat 2012), experimental studies have shown that mixed ligand complexes including S and Cl are the most stable Cu complexes (e.g., CuCl(HS) − ) representing the most efficient form to transport Cu in magmatic volatiles (Simon et al 2006;Mei et al 2013).…”

Section: Formation Of Magmatic Sulphides and Their Potential Role As mentioning

confidence: 97%

Constraints on the source of Cu in a submarine magmatic-hydrothermal system, Brothers volcano, Kermadec island arc

Keith

Haase

Klemd

et al. 2018

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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Most magmatic-hydrothermal Cu deposits are genetically linked to arc magmas. However, most continental or oceanic arc magmas are barren, and hence new methods have to be developed to distinguish between barren and mineralised arc systems. Source composition, melting conditions, the timing of S saturation and an initial chalcophile element-enrichment represent important parameters that control the potential of a subduction setting to host an economically valuable deposit. Brothers volcano in the Kermadec island arc is one of the best-studied examples of arc-related submarine magmatic-hydrothermal activity. This study, for the first time, compares the chemical and mineralogical composition of the Brothers seafloor massive sulphides and the associated dacitic to rhyolitic lavas that host the hydrothermal system. Incompatible trace element ratios, such as La/Sm and Ce/Pb, indicate that the basaltic melts from L'Esperance volcano may represent a parental analogue to the more evolved Brothers lavas. Copper-rich magmatic sulphides (Cu > 2 wt%) identified in fresh volcanic glass and phenocryst phases, such as clinopyroxene, plagioclase and Fe-Ti oxide suggest that the surrounding lavas that host the Brothers hydrothermal system represent a potential Cu source for the sulphide ores at the seafloor. Thermodynamic calculations reveal that the Brothers melts reached volatile saturation during their evolution. Melt inclusion data and the occurrence of sulphides along vesicle margins indicate that an exsolving volatile phase extracted Cu from the silicate melt and probably contributed it to the overlying hydrothermal system. Hence, the formation of the Cu-rich seafloor massive sulphides (up to 35.6 wt%) is probably due to the contribution of Cu from a bimodal source including wall rock leaching and magmatic degassing, in a mineralisation style that is hybrid between Cyprus-type volcanic-hosted massive sulphide and subaerial epithermal-porphyry deposits.

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Section: Formation Of Magmatic Sulphides and Their Potential Role As mentioning

confidence: 97%

Constraints on the source of Cu in a submarine magmatic-hydrothermal system, Brothers volcano, Kermadec island arc

Keith

Haase

Klemd

et al. 2018

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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“…1), the majority of samples in this study (with the exception of a few ultrapotassic samples in the Bingham district; Maughan et al, 2002), including limited data for Miocene ultrapotassic rocks of the EPRIM (Kay et al, 1994;Redwood and Rice, 1997;Sandeman and Clark, 2004;Maria and Luhe, 2008;Gómez-Tuena et al, 2011) and southern Tibet (Miller et al, 1999;Ding et al, 2003Ding et al, , 2006Williams et al, 2004;Gao et al, 2007b;Zhao et al, 2009;Chen et al, 2012), do not contain high concentrations of Cu (<130 ppm). However, these mantle-derived potassic and ultrapotassic magmas are typically enriched in the LILE, LREE, and volatiles such as H 2 O, CO 2 , F, and Cl (e.g., Rock, 1987;Rock et al, 1990;Behrens et al, 2009), all of which likely enhance the solubility of chalcophile elements, such as Cu and Au, in high-temperature aqueous fluids (e.g., Heinrich et al, 1992;Pokrovski et al, 2005Pokrovski et al, , 2008Simon et al, 2005Simon et al, , 2006Zajacz et al, 2008Zajacz et al, , 2011Seo et al, 2009). This indicates that the generally high K 2 O concentrations (K 2 O/Na 2 O > 0.5) in magmas associated with porphyry Cu mineralization are most likely produced by mixing between melts derived from the underplated basaltic lower crust and ascending mantle-derived potassic and ultrapotassic magmas (e.g., Pettke et al, 2010;Yang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical differences between subduction- and collision-related copper-bearing porphyries and implications for metallogenesis

Chen

Wang

et al. 2015

Ore Geology Reviews

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Porphyry Cu (-Mo-Au) deposits occur not only in continental margin-arc settings (subduction-related porphyry Cu deposits, such as those along the eastern Pacific Rim (EPRIM)), but also in continent-continent collisional orogenic belts (collision-related porphyry Cu deposits, such as those in southern Tibet). These Cu-mineralized porphyries, which develop in contrasting tectonic settings, are characterized by some different trace element (e.g., Th, and Y) concentrations and their ratios (e.g., Sr/Y, and La/Yb), suggesting that their source magmas probably developed by different processes. Subduction-related porphyry Cu mineralization on the EPRIM is associated with intermediate to felsic calc-alkaline magmas derived from primitive basaltic magmas that pooled beneath the lower crust and underwent melting, assimilation, storage, and homogenization (MASH), whereas K-enriched collision-related porphyry Cu mineralization was associated with underplating of subduction-modified basaltic materials beneath the lower crust (with subsequent transformation into amphibolites and eclogite amphibolites), and resulted from partial melting of the newly formed thickened lower crust. These different processes led to the collision-related porphyry Cu deposits associated with adakitic magmas enriched by the addition of melts, and the subduction-related porphyry Cu deposits associated with magmas comprising all compositions between normal arc rocks and adakitic rocks, all of which were associated with fluid-dominated enrichment process.In subduction-related Cu porphyry magmas, the oxidation state (fO 2 ), the concentrations of chalcophile metals, and other volatiles (e.g., S and Cl), and the abundance of water were directly controlled by the composition of the primary arc basaltic magma. In contrast, the high Cu concentrations and fO 2 values of collision-related Cu porphyry magmas were indirectly derived from subduction modified magmas, and the large amount of water and other volatiles in these magmas were controlled in part by partial melting of amphibolite derived from arc basalts that were underplated beneath the lower crust, and in part by the contribution from the rising potassic and ultrapotassic magmas. Both subduction-and collision-related porphyries are enriched in potassium, and were associated with crustal thickening. Their high K 2 O contents were primarily as a result of the inheritance of enriched mantle components and/or mixing with contemporaneous ultrapotassic magmas.

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“…Recently, experiments confirm that Cu concentration in quartz-hosted melt-and fluid inclusions can be modified by selective diffusional exchange with the surrounding fluids (Li et al, 2009;Seo and Heinrich, 2013;Zajacz et al, 2009Zajacz et al, , 2011. Lerchbaumer and Audétat (2012) have demonstrated that sulfur in quartz-hosted fluid inclusions has played an important role in determining the Cu diffusion from the external hydrothermal fluids to the internal fluid inclusions, resulting in the precipitation of CuFeS 2 in the fluid inclusions.…”

Section: Metal Transport In Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid evolution of the Tongkuangyu porphyry copper deposit in the Zhongtiaoshan region: Evidence from fluid inclusions

Jiang

Niu

Bao

et al. 2014

Ore Geology Reviews

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The solubility of copper in high-temperature magmatic vapors: A quest for the significance of various chloride and sulfide complexes

Cited by 125 publications

References 66 publications

Constraints on the source of Cu in a submarine magmatic-hydrothermal system, Brothers volcano, Kermadec island arc

Constraints on the source of Cu in a submarine magmatic-hydrothermal system, Brothers volcano, Kermadec island arc

Geochemical differences between subduction- and collision-related copper-bearing porphyries and implications for metallogenesis

Fluid evolution of the Tongkuangyu porphyry copper deposit in the Zhongtiaoshan region: Evidence from fluid inclusions

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