The Solubilities of Certain Inorganic Compounds in Ordinary Water and in Deuterium Water.

Eddy, Robert D.; Menzies, Alan W. C.

doi:10.1021/j150398a007

Cited by 48 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…While the most probable recommended values of solubility of NaCl in H 2 O 20 were prepared for reference tables on the basis of several dozens of original publications, starting from the investigation of Gay-Lussac dated back to 1819 30 and reports on NaCl•2H 2 O formation from the middle of the 19 th century, the data on the D 2 O-NaCl system were compiled by IUPAC evaluators for the latest edition of the Solubility Data Series 22 on the basis of four available works only. The lowest temperature of -5°C given in References 20 and 22, appeared to be an approximation of an actual -3.8°C experimental point, 31 at which pure NaCl was still reported as a solid phase. A speculation is, however, made in Reference 22, that the temperature of NaCl to NaCl hydrate transition may be lower in D 2 O compared with H 2 O solution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The similarity of cluster patterns and their temperature changes for the two systems allowed us to suggest a possibility of formation of an NaCl•nD 2 O crystalline hydrate with the most probable n = 2 or, at least, a compound of NaCl•D x H y O {(x+y)/2} stoichiometry. Since the basic data on solubility of NaCl in D 2 O 20,22,31 appeared to be limited, in the light of the present mass spectrometric findings it seems reasonable to revise them with more sensitive corresponding techniques over a wider low-temperature range to search for possible NaCl•nD 2 O crystalline hydrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Origin of Clusters: IV. Low Temperature Fast-Atom Bombardment Cluster Patterns Point to the Possible Existence of NaCl Crystalline Hydrates Incorporating Heavy Water

Kosevich

Boryak

Shelkovsky

2002

Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester)

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Low temperature fast-atom bombardment study of frozen D2O–NaCl solutions gave results similar to those obtained earlier for the H2O–NaCl system. Thus, sets of clusters (D2O) n•D+, (D2O) n•Na+, (D2O) n•NaCl•Na+, (NaCl) m•Na+ with a characteristic distribution depending on the composition of the sample and phase transitions on its thawing were recorded. A typical cluster pattern, attributed in the case of the H2O–NaCl system to a phase of a crystalline hydrate NaCl•2H2O, was observed for the D2O–NaCl system as well. At the same time, recently available reference data on the solubility of NaCl do not contain a specification for the formation of a crystalline hydrate on cooling of NaCl solution in D2O. Considering the present mass spectrometry data, the possibility of incorporation of heavy water into NaCl crystalline hydrates is discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Origin of Clusters: IV. Low Temperature Fast-Atom Bombardment Cluster Patterns Point to the Possible Existence of NaCl Crystalline Hydrates Incorporating Heavy Water

Kosevich

Boryak

Shelkovsky

2002

Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester)

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“…[6][7][8][9][45][46][47] The equilibrium constants calculated using StreamAnalyzer, after accounting for species activity coefficients, matched most of the tabulated values (generally for infinite dilution) within the same order of magnitude. The typical discrepancy was a factor of about 2, but factors of up to about 6 were found for some reactions.…”

Section: Equilibriamentioning

confidence: 81%

Impact of Eliminating Mercury Removal Pretreatment on the Performance of a High-Level Radioactive Waste Melter Offgas System

Zamecnik

Choi

2010

Environmental Engineering Science

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The Defense Waste Processing Facility at the Savannah River Site processes high-level radioactive waste from the processing of nuclear materials that contains dissolved and precipitated metals and radionuclides. Vitrification of this waste into borosilicate glass for ultimate disposal at a geologic repository involves chemically modifying the waste to make it compatible with the glass melter system. Pretreatment steps include removal of excess aluminum by dissolution and washing, and processing with formic and nitric acids to: 1) adjust the reduction-oxidation (redox) potential in the glass melter to reduce radionuclide volatility and improve melt rate; 2) adjust feed rheology; and 3) reduce by steam stripping the amount of mercury that must be processed in the melter. Elimination of formic acid pretreatment has been proposed to eliminate the production of hydrogen in the pretreatment systems; alternative reductants would be used to control redox. However, elimination of formic acid would result in significantly more mercury in the melter feed; the current specification is no more than 0.45 wt%, while the maximum expected prior to pretreatment is about 2.5 wt%.An engineering study has been undertaken to estimate the effects of eliminating mercury removal on the melter offgas system performance. A homogeneous gas-phase oxidation model and an aqueous phase model were developed to study the speciation of mercury in the DWPF melter offgas system. The model was calibrated against available experimental data and then applied to DWPF conditions. The gas-phase model predicted the showed that this remaining Hg 0 would be oxidized such that the final 2+ 2

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“…The stable phase at low temperature (< 32.4 °C) is mirabilite. However, it is well known that the nucleation of mirabilite is not favored kinetically such that it is possible to determine the solubilities of thenardite at temperatures below the transition temperature [18,19]. The metastable branch of the thenardite solubility curve is shown as the thick dashed curve in Fig.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid–Liquid Metastable Equilibria for Solar Evaporation of Brines and Solubility Determination: A Critical Discussion

Steiger

Voigt

2018

J Solution Chem

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Within the last two decades, a large number of articles were published that report, as the authors claim, 'metastable phase equilibria', or 'metastable solubilities'. The main objective of these studies was to carry out experiments under conditions closely meeting those in solar evaporation ponds or industrial evaporation-crystallization processes. Occasionally, such studies were subject to controversial discussion and criticism and the question was raised whether metastable equilibrium data are worth being published at all. This paper provides a critical discussion of such evaporation experiments. The thermodynamic background of stable and metastable solubility and typical experimental difficulties in solubility determinations are discussed in detail. We also demonstrate that the knowledge of metastable equilibria is very useful in different research areas such as geochemistry or industrial application of solubility equilibria. Finally, it is shown that so-called 'isothermal evaporation method' used in the above-mentioned studies does not yield stable or metastable solubilities.

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The Solubilities of Certain Inorganic Compounds in Ordinary Water and in Deuterium Water.

Cited by 48 publications

References 15 publications

Origin of Clusters: IV. Low Temperature Fast-Atom Bombardment Cluster Patterns Point to the Possible Existence of NaCl Crystalline Hydrates Incorporating Heavy Water

Origin of Clusters: IV. Low Temperature Fast-Atom Bombardment Cluster Patterns Point to the Possible Existence of NaCl Crystalline Hydrates Incorporating Heavy Water

Impact of Eliminating Mercury Removal Pretreatment on the Performance of a High-Level Radioactive Waste Melter Offgas System

Solid–Liquid Metastable Equilibria for Solar Evaporation of Brines and Solubility Determination: A Critical Discussion

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