The soil moisture regime of charcoal-enriched land use legacy sites

Schneider, Anna; Hirsch, Florian; Bonhage, Alexander; Raab, Alexandra; Raab, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114241

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…A significant decrease in soil bulk density as a function of charcoal-C content was observed after pooling together the data from all three sites. Similar trends have commonly been reported in the short term (Blanco-Canqui, 2017;Ding et al, 2016;Edeh et al, 2020;Omondi et al, 2016) and long term (Faghih et al, 2018;Schneider et al, 2020). The fact that the bulk density decreases with increasing charcoal-C content can be a direct result of the low particle density of biochar as compared to mineral particles.…”

Section: Century-old Charcoal Effect On Physical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 83%

“…2a, and using a simple mixing model, the skeletal particle density of charcoal was derived from the slope of the linear regression between particle density and charcoal-C content. The been reported in the short-term (Ding et al, 2016;Omondi et al, 2016;Blanco-Canqui, 2017;Edeh et al, 2020) and long-term (Faghih et al, 2017;Schneider et al, 2020). The fact that the bulk density decreases with increasing charcoal-C content can be a direct result of the low particle density of biochar as compared to mineral particles.…”

Section: Century-old Charcoal Effect On Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These long-term increases in CEC and exchangeable bivalent cation contents may enhance soil aggregation, resulting in a more favourable soil structure and, consequently, in an improvement of soil physical properties (Bronick & Lal, 2005). Existing studies under temperate climate documented a higher porosity (Schneider et al, 2020), a lower bulk density (Faghih et al, 2018;Schneider et al, 2020), a higher plant available water content (Faghih et al, 2018;Kerré, Willaert, Cornelis, & Smolders, 2017) and a higher saturated hydraulic conductivity (Faghih et al, 2018) in historical charcoal kiln sites compared to adjacent soil. However, none of these studies investigated whether the long-term effects depend on soil texture, as has been observed for the short-term effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Long‐term effect of biochar on physical properties of agricultural soils with different textures at pre‐industrial charcoal kiln sites in Wallonia (Belgium)

Zanutel

Garré

Bielders

2021

European J Soil Science

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Section: Century-old Charcoal Effect On Physical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Century-old Charcoal Effect On Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Long‐term effect of biochar on physical properties of agricultural soils with different textures at pre‐industrial charcoal kiln sites in Wallonia (Belgium)

Zanutel

Garré

Bielders

2021

European J Soil Science

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“…Although forests covered over 80% of Central Europe at the beginning of the Middle Ages (Broda, 2000;Williams, 2000), the effect of charcoal hearths -and thus human activity -on the transformation of forest ecosystems in this period has been underestimated so far. Studies have explored the charcoal hearths and associated forms in other states such as Germany (Raab et al, 2015;Hirsch et al, 2018;Schneider et al, 2020), Belgium (Hardy et al, 2016), Italy (Carrari et al, 2017;Carrari et al, 2018;Mastrolonardo et al, 2018), and France (Dupin et al, 2017). Research on charcoal hearths in Poland focused only on their inventory and characteristics of objects, taking into account the technique used for obtaining products (Kałagate et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel multiproxy approach to detect the impact of charcoal production on the natural environment in NW Poland – project concept and preliminary results

et al. 2022

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Agriculture has been the major driver of deforestation in Europe in the last 1000 years. In the past, forests were also exploited for charcoal production; however, the spatial scale/extent of this activity and its impact are unknown. LIDAR data can be used as a noninvasive tool to investigate the small-scale diversity of the land relief, including forested areas. These data can reveal the extent anthropogenic modifications of topography present-day as well as in the past. One of the activities that can be analyzed based on LIDAR data is spatial distribution of charcoal production. A preliminary LIDAR data analysis indicated the intensity of this practice and its potential impact on the natural environment. This prompted us to analyze the environmental impact of charcoal hearths in northern Poland. As it turned out, this topic exceeded the scope of earth sciences and became a transdisciplinary one. In this work, we will use the research methods typical of biogeography, dendroecology, paleoecology, soil science, biology, botany, history, onomastics, as well as art history, in order to thoroughly understand not only the natural consequences but also the social and economic consequences of charcoal production. This paper presents the assumptions of our project, the research methodology, and the preliminary results. We have identified using LIDAR data more than 73 thousand relief forms which can be remnants of charcoal hearths. Our preliminary results confirmed large scale impact of past human activity related to charcoal production and suitability of the methods used for detecting and reconstructing charcoal hearths as well as determining the distribution and magnitude of past forest use for charcoal production in NW Poland.

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A modified Mask region‐based convolutional neural network approach for the automated detection of archaeological sites on high‐resolution light detection and ranging‐derived digital elevation models in the North German Lowland

Bonhage

Eltaher

Raab

et al. 2021

Archaeological Prospection

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Due to complicated backgrounds and unclear target orientation, automated object detection is difficult in the field of archaeology. Most of the current convolutional neural network (CNN) object-oriented detection techniques are based on a faster region-based CNN (R-CNN) and other one-stage detectors that often lack adequate processing speeds and detection accuracies. Recently, the two-stage detector Mask R-CNN technique achieved impressive results in object detection and instance segmentation problems and was successfully applied in the analysis of archaeological airborne laser scanning (ALS) data. In this study, we outline a modified Mask R-CNN technique that reliably and efficiently detects relict charcoal hearth (RCH) sites on light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data-based digital elevation models (DEMs).Using image augmentation and image preprocessing steps combined with the deep learning-based adaptive gradient method with a dynamic bound on the learning rate (AdaBound) optimization technique, we could improve the model's accuracy and significantly reduce its training time. We use DEMs based on high-resolution LiDAR data and the visualization for archaeological topography (VAT) technique that give images with a very strong contrast of the terrain and the outline of the sites of interest in the North German Lowland. Therefore, the model can identify RCH sites with an average recall of 83% and an average precision of 87%. Techniques such as the modified Mask R-CNN method outlined here will help to greatly improve our knowledge about archaeological site densities in the realm of historical charcoal production and past human-landscape interactions. This method provides an accurate, time-efficient and bias-free large-scale site mapping option not only for the North German Lowland but potentially for other landscapes as well.

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The soil moisture regime of charcoal-enriched land use legacy sites

Cited by 12 publications

References 56 publications

Long‐term effect of biochar on physical properties of agricultural soils with different textures at pre‐industrial charcoal kiln sites in Wallonia (Belgium)

Long‐term effect of biochar on physical properties of agricultural soils with different textures at pre‐industrial charcoal kiln sites in Wallonia (Belgium)

A novel multiproxy approach to detect the impact of charcoal production on the natural environment in NW Poland – project concept and preliminary results

A modified Mask region‐based convolutional neural network approach for the automated detection of archaeological sites on high‐resolution light detection and ranging‐derived digital elevation models in the North German Lowland

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