The Social Psychology of Emotion

Self-Efficacy and Drinking with Friends: An Investigation into the Drinking Behaviors of Japanese College Students

“…In the interdependent cultural model, the core social motive is to gain acceptance and to avoid rejection (Fiske, 2004). Moreover, Mesquita and Leu (2007) found that when Japanese participants reported their own emotional experience, the perceived emotional experiences of others were more central to the individual's reported emotional experience than the individual's actual emotional experience. In contrast to Americans, who seek out situations that are likely to elicit positive affect, the Japanese seek out situations that enable them to meet social standards, rather than increase positive affect (Scollon et al, 2004).…”

“…In particular, this dissertation will examine whether Japanese students drink more with others on days with greater negative social events relative to days with fewer negative social events, as highlighted in the proposed theoretical model in Figure 1. In line with models of shame-related drinking (e.g., Dearing, Stuewig, & Tangney 2005;Mohr et al, 2008), it is hypothesized that students will drink more with others on days characterized by greater negative social interactions compared to days with fewer negative social interactions, as negative social interactions are likely to invoke a need to make amends for negative social interactions (Benedict, 1946;Morling et al, 2002;Mascolo et al, 2003;Mesquita & Leu, 2007). Second, this dissertation will investigate whether daily negative social events predict daily alcohol outcome expectancy desirability, such that expectancies related to relationship maintenance and tension reduction are more desirable on days characterized by negative social events, relative to days with fewer negative social events.…”

“…Shame is a critical emotion for the Japanese, as it reflects the failure to maintain or foster relationships; for the Japanese, social connections are central to well-being (Markus & Kitayama, 1991;Mesquita & Leu, 2007). Compared to more independent cultures, the Japanese are more strongly affected by the emotional expressions of others (Scollon, Diener, Oishi, & Biswas-Diener, 2004).…”

“…Compared to more independent cultures, the Japanese are more strongly affected by the emotional expressions of others (Scollon, Diener, Oishi, & Biswas-Diener, 2004). For the Japanese, making repairs often includes the willingness to conform to others' behaviors or desires, or to alter one's own behaviors to match those of the larger group (Morling, Kitayama, & Miyamoto, 2002;Mesquita & Leu, 2007). In order to make reparations for these negative interpersonal interactions, the Japanese seek out others and attempt to repair these relationships (Mascolo, Fischer, & Li, 2003).…”

The Positive Emotion Elicitation Process of Chinese Consumers Toward a U.S. Apparel Brand -A Cognitive Appraisal Perspective-

“…In the cognitive appraisal theory, placing the emphasis on individuals' appraisals allows for antecedents of the individuals' appraisals, such as culture and individual experiences and beliefs (Mesquita & Leu, 2007).…”