The Social Network Map: Assessing Social Support in Clinical Practice

Tracy, Elizabeth M.; Whittaker, James K.

doi:10.1177/104438949007100802

Cited by 173 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…32,33 It may be useful for clinicians to assess social support at the time of diagnosis. This can be achieved using a tool such as the Social Network Map 34 that prompts patients to describe and discuss the quality and scope of their social support system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keys to Successful Diabetes Self-management for Uninsured Patients: Social Support, Observational Learning, and Turning Points: A Safety Net Providers' Strategic Alliance Study

Madden

Tomsik

Terchek

et al. 2011

Journal of the National Medical Association

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Objective To determine how medically uninsured patients with limited material resources successfully manage diabetes. Methods Clinicians at 5 safety net practices enrolled uninsured adult patients (N=26) with prior diagnosis of diabetes for 6 months or longer. Patients were interviewed about enabling factors, motivations, resources, and barriers. Chart reviews and clinician surveys supplemented interview data. Interview, survey, and chart review data were analyzed and findings were summarized. Results Two distinct groups of patients were investigated: 1) “successful,” defined as those with an HbA1c of ≤7% or a recent improvement of at least 2% (n=17); and 2) “unsuccessful,” defined as patients with HbA1c of ≥9% (n=9) without recent improvement. In comparison to unsuccessful patients, successful patients more often reported having friends or family with diabetes, sought information about the disease, used evidence-based self-management strategies, held an accurate perception of their own disease control, and experienced “turning point” events that motivated increased efforts in disease management. Conclusions Uninsured safety net patients who successfully managed diabetes learned from friends and family with diabetes and leveraged disease-related events into motivational turning points. It may be beneficial for clinicians to incorporate social learning and motivational enhancement into diabetes interventions to increase patients’ motivation for improved levels of self-management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keys to Successful Diabetes Self-management for Uninsured Patients: Social Support, Observational Learning, and Turning Points: A Safety Net Providers' Strategic Alliance Study

Madden

Tomsik

Terchek

et al. 2011

Journal of the National Medical Association

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“…An additional challenge to accurately assessing social support and social networks stems from many social support assessment tools being too complex, lengthy, difficult to administer, and not designed for direct practice (Tracy and Whittaker 1990). Generally lacking an integrating theoretical foundation, social network assessment tools currently used by social work practitioners are numerous and are based on a variety of approaches that may not be appropriate for specific practice situations.…”

Section: Implications For Social Work Practice and Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Support, Negative Social Interactions, and Psychological Well‐Being

Lincoln

2000

Social Service Review

279

212

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Research examining the relationship between social support and psychological well-being has largely ignored the negative side of social interactions. However, empirical evidence suggests that negative interactions can potentially be more harmful than social support is helpful. This article critically reviews the literature investigating the relationship between social support and negative social interactions and their simultaneous effect on psychological well-being. A review of 28 studies revealed that there are conceptual, theoretical, and methodological limitations associated with this body of research. In order to unravel some of these limitations, studies are grouped according to three conceptual models: the additive effects model, the moderator model, and the domain-specific model. Finally, the article discusses directions social work practice research should take to tackle and fully appreciate the complexities of the relationship between social support and psychological well-being.A long tradition of theory and research examines the relationship between social support and health. Research findings have repeatedly shown that people with spouses, family members, and friends who provide psychological and material support have better physical and mental health than those who have fewer resources. Mortality, morbidity, depression, and other undesirable health-related outcomes have been associated with the lack of social relationships (Blazer 1982;Cohen and Wills 1985;House, Umberson, and Landis 1988).Another substantial body of literature has used a stress and coping theoretical framework to examine the role of social factors in health and well-being. The theory posits that adaptation is influenced by the stressful life situations to which a person is exposed, by the appraisal of such stressors, and by the psychological and social resources available to cope with them (Lazarus 1966;Pearlin and Schooler 1978;Billings and Moos 1981;Lazarus and Folkman 1984). Given the importance of social resources, researchers are focusing on understanding the critical components of social networks and identifying their role in the stress and coping process.Most research in the field of social support focuses on its positive aspects, such as instrumental, emotional, esteem, and tangible support. These findings are well established and quite promising. However, the focus on the positive aspects of social support obscures that there are also costs associated with social relations. The negative side of social relationships has received considerably less attention. A small, but growing body of research Abramis, and Caplan 1985;Davis and Rhodes 1994). Other studies, however, report a stronger effect from positive interactions on psychological well-being (e.g., Okun and Keith 1998), whereas still others report equal effects of the two constructs (e.g., IngersollDayton, Morgan, and Antonucci 1997). These conflicting findings suggest that we must take a more balanced approach to investigating the relationship between social tie...

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“…most likely source of natural helpers, as well as the most durable and dependable source of support (NicGabhainn, 2000;Tracy & Biegel, 1994;Tracy & Whittaker, 1990). Friends provide a further significant source of network membership, especially in adolescence (Cotterell, 1996;Feldman & Elliot, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Adolescent well‐being and supporting contexts: A comparison of adolescents in Ireland and Florida

McGrath

Brennan

Dolan

et al. 2009

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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The purpose of this research was to examine the extent to which social support and wider community perceptions/engagements among adolescents are connected with well-being. We compared adolescents in two different societal contexts, Florida in the United States and County Offaly, in Ireland, and posed the questions: What are the key predictors of subjective well-being from the various sources of support, and to what extent does the impact of social support on well-being vary across these two societies? Questionnaires were completed and returned for 607 respondents (322 in the Irish study and 285 in the Florida study). A variety of scales were adopted and designed to operationalize our key concepts of: Adolescent well-being, social support, school satisfaction, neighbourhood quality of life and community/voluntary participation. Our results indicate that informal social support and school satisfaction were the strongest predictors of youth well-being in both locations, despite some differences in terms of individual influencing variables. From informal sources, emotional support from friends and advice/concrete/esteem support from parents emerged as important predictive dimensions. Liking school, perceptions of doing well in school were the main predictors of school satisfaction in Ireland while, in Florida, student camaraderie and the experience of bullying emerged as significant.

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The Social Network Map: Assessing Social Support in Clinical Practice

Cited by 173 publications

References 14 publications

Keys to Successful Diabetes Self-management for Uninsured Patients: Social Support, Observational Learning, and Turning Points: A Safety Net Providers' Strategic Alliance Study

Keys to Successful Diabetes Self-management for Uninsured Patients: Social Support, Observational Learning, and Turning Points: A Safety Net Providers' Strategic Alliance Study

Social Support, Negative Social Interactions, and Psychological Well‐Being

Adolescent well‐being and supporting contexts: A comparison of adolescents in Ireland and Florida

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