The Smart Transformer: Impact on the Electric Grid and Technology Challenges

Liserre, Marco; Buticchi, Giampaolo; Andresen, Markus; Carne, Giovanni De; Costa, Levy Ferreira; Zou, Zhixiang

doi:10.1109/mie.2016.2551418

Cited by 335 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The power electronics-based smart transformer (ST) aims not only to adapt the voltage from the MV to the LV grids [7] ( Fig. 1), but also to provide ancillary services.…”

Section: Fig 1 St In the Gridmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LV side controls the voltage waveform in the LV grid [7]. The ST provides a symmetrical voltage waveform with fixed amplitude and frequency independently from the load power request (e.g., high harmonic content).…”

Section: A St General Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ST can be interfaced in the distribution grid with different communication protocols and algorithms [7]. The reactive power control can be either central control that manages all the controllable resources in the MV grid, or local control using the measurements from the substation where ST is installed.…”

Section: B St Controller Of Voltage Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Voltage control by means of smart transformer in medium voltage feeder with distribution generation

Gao

Carne

Liserre

et al. 2017

2017 IEEE Manchester PowerTech

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Abstract-The integration of uncontrolled distributed generation (DG), like photovoltaic and wind turbines, and the growing amount of connected loads in the medium voltage (MV) grids have worsened the voltage variability, and in extreme cases violating the voltage limits. New mechanism and control action for supporting the voltage must be adopted, due to the unpredictability of these resources. The power electronics-based smart transformer (ST) can provide ancillary services to the distribution grid without the installation of additional devices, and among them the voltage and reactive power control. This paper illustrates, through simulation in PSCAD, the ST capability in controlling the voltage profile within the safe operation limits.

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“…The power electronics-based smart transformer (ST) aims not only to adapt the voltage from the MV to the LV grids [7] ( Fig. 1), but also to provide ancillary services.…”

Section: Fig 1 St In the Gridmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A St General Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Voltage control by means of smart transformer in medium voltage feeder with distribution generation

Gao

Carne

Liserre

et al. 2017

2017 IEEE Manchester PowerTech

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“…On the other hand, A ST is a three-stage power electronics transformer that transforms the voltage from the MV to the LV grid [12], [13] and makes available the DC grid connections [14]. It allows to provide new services to distribution grids, like load identification and control [15], and offers new solutions to current problems, like the possibility to deal with reverse power flow conditions [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the provision of ancillary services from storage systems using smart transformer and smart meters

Sossan

Christakou

Paolone

et al. 2017

2017 IEEE 26th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)

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Abstract-The Smart Transformer, a solid-state transformer with control and communication functionalities, can be the ideal solution for integrating storage into the grid. By leveraging the knowledge of the grid state of distribution grids thanks to smart meters and/or dedicated remote terminal units, in the paper, it is proposed a control strategy for a MV/LV smart transformer (ST) with integrated storage to achieve: i) dispatched-by-design operation of the LV network by controlling the ST active power set-point on the MV power converter, and ii) voltage regulation of both MV and LV networks by controlling the reactive power injections of both LV and MV converter. The former is achieved by dispatching the active power flow of the LV network according to a profile established the day before the operation, called dispatch plan, with the objective of reducing the amount of regulating power required to operate the grid. It is based on the use of forecast to compute a dispatch plan, and a tracking problem to compensate in real-time the mismatch between realization and dispatch plan by taking advantage of the storage capacity. The latter is achieved by using sensitivity coefficients, which are calculated from the state of the grid and integrating the information on the network topology. The problem formulation is given in the paper, and the proof-ofconcept is shown by simulation using the IEEE 34 nodes test feeder and the CIGRE Low Voltage reference network.

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“…The ST, a power electronicsbased transformer [1], [2], aims not only at substituting the traditional Low Voltage (LV)/Medium Voltage (MV) transformer, but also at providing new services to the grid. The ST allows the voltage and current control in MV [3] and LV grids [4], harmonic compensation [5], load identification and control by means of frequency and voltage variations in LV grids [6][7] [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power-Hardware-In-Loop harmonic analysis of a Smart Transformer-fed distribution grid

Carne

Buticchi

Kerekes

et al. 2016

IECON 2016 - 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

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Abstract-The Smart Transformer (ST) offers ancillary services in the low voltage grids. These new services in a real distribution grid can be demonstrated by means of simulation software, but it is difficult to prove them in lab due to the complexity and heterogeneity of the distribution grids. The PowerHardware-In-Loop (PHIL) evaluation is an interesting solution for emulating the interaction between the real grid, simulated in a Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS), and the ST. However the PHIL evaluation requires careful analysis. Depending on the interface topology the stability and the accuracy of the loop can be affected. This is mostly true when the interface converter is not a linear power amplifier, but just a simple DC/AC switching converter. Actually, no considerations have been made in the literature about the accuracy and stability of the PHIL in case of non-linear interface converter. This paper focuses on evaluating the harmonic behavior of the PHIL in case of current harmonic content in the grid. Depending on the bandwidth of the interface converter, the accuracy of the PHIL in simulating harmonic currents can be affected. The analytical considerations on the accuracy of the loop have been verified experimentally in a complex LV grid.

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The Smart Transformer: Impact on the Electric Grid and Technology Challenges

Cited by 335 publications

References 29 publications

Voltage control by means of smart transformer in medium voltage feeder with distribution generation

Voltage control by means of smart transformer in medium voltage feeder with distribution generation

Enhancing the provision of ancillary services from storage systems using smart transformer and smart meters

Power-Hardware-In-Loop harmonic analysis of a Smart Transformer-fed distribution grid

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