The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †<i>Onchopristis</i>(Elasmobranchii) from the ‘Mid’-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications

Villalobos-Segura, Eduardo; Kriwet, Jürgen; Vullo, Romain; Stumpf, Sebastian; Ward, David J.; Underwood, Charlie J.

doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa166

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The living ( Raja and Bathyraja ) and fossil († Ostarriraja and † Cyclobatis ) skates are grouped with sclerorhynchoids, which is consistent with previous analyses that recovered this relationship based on features of the branchial skeleton [ 32 , 117 ]. Rajiformes show a rather intriguing suite of morphological characters, which are also present in several batomorph groups, including rostral appendices (also observed in Rhinopristiformes), catenated calcification on the pectoral-fin radials and lack of a postpelvic process (also observed in Myliobatiformes).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The Rajiformes form a monophyletic group that includes the extinct Sclerorhynchoidei as sister to the Rajoidei clade formed by Raja, Bathyraja, †Cyclobatis and † Ostarriraja. Within the Sclerorhynchoidei, three groups at the family level are recognized [ 117 ]: †Ptychotrygonidae, which includes † Ptychotrygon and † Asflapristis; † Sclerorhynchidae , which includes † Sclerorhynchus and † Libanopristis; and †Onchopristidae, including † Onchopristis and † Ischyrhiza.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Phylogeny of Rays and Skates (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) Based on Morphological Characters Revisited

et al. 2022

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Elasmobranchii are relatively well-studied. However, numerous phylogenetic uncertainties about their relationships remain. Here, we revisit the phylogenetic evidence based on a detailed morphological re-evaluation of all the major extant batomorph clades (skates and rays), including several holomorphic fossil taxa from the Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, and an extensive outgroup sampling, which includes sharks, chimaeras and several other fossil chondrichthyans. The parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses found more resolved but contrasting topologies, with the Bayesian inference tree neither supporting nor disfavouring any of them. Overall, the analyses result in similar clade compositions and topologies, with the Jurassic batomorphs forming the sister clade to all the other batomorphs, whilst all the Cretaceous batomorphs are nested within the remaining main clades. The disparate arrangements recovered under the different criteria suggest that a detailed study of Jurassic taxa is of utmost importance to present a more consistent topology in the deeper nodes, as issues continue to be present when analysing those clades previously recognized only by molecular analyses (e.g., Rhinopristiformes and Torpediniformes). The consistent placement of fossil taxa within specific groups by the different phylogenetic criteria is promising and indicates that the inclusion of more fossil taxa in the present matrix will likely not cause loss of resolution, therefore suggesting that a strong phylogenetic signal can be recovered from fossil taxa.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Phylogeny of Rays and Skates (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) Based on Morphological Characters Revisited

et al. 2022

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“…dunklei for the Texan taxon. This species was then recorded in Spain and Western France [ 78 , 120 ]. Martill & Ibrahim [ 121 ] recorded in the Cenomanian Kem Kem Group in Morocco the presence of some rostral teeth with two cusplets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…dunklei the presence of several cusplets on the posterior edge. In a recent study, Villalobos et al [ 120 ] showed that the main difference between the rostral teeth of O . numidus and O .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first late cretaceous mawsoniid coelacanth (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) from North America: Evidence of a lineage of extinct ‘living fossils’

et al. 2021

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Today, the only living genus of coelacanth, Latimeria is represented by two species along the eastern coast of Africa and in Indonesia. This sarcopterygian fish is nicknamed a "living fossil", in particular because of its slow evolution. The large geographical distribution of Latimeria may be a reason for the great resilience to extinction of this lineage, but the lack of fossil records for this genus prevents us from testing this hypothesis. Here we describe isolated bones (right angular, incomplete basisphenoid, fragments of parasphenoid and pterygoid) found in the Cenomanian Woodbine Formation in northeast Texas that are referred to the mawsoniid coelacanth Mawsonia sp. In order to assess the impact of this discovery on the alleged characteristic of "living fossils" in general and of coelacanths in particular: 1) we compared the average time duration of genera of ray-finned fish and coelacanth in the fossil record; 2) we compared the biogeographic signal from Mawsonia with the signal from the rest of the vertebrate assemblage of the Woodbine formation; and 3) we compared these life traits with those of Latimeria. The stratigraphical range of Mawsonia is at least 50 million years. Since Mawsonia was a fresh, brackish water fish with probably a low ability to cross large sea barriers and because most of the continental components of the Woodbine Fm vertebrate assemblage exhibit Laurasian affinities, it is proposed that the Mawsonia’s occurrence in North America is more likely the result of a vicariant event linked to the break-up of Pangea rather than the result of a dispersal from Gondwana. The link between a wide geographic distribution and the resilience to extinction demonstrated here for Mawsonia is a clue that a similar situation existed for Latimeria, which allowed this genus to live for tens of millions of years.

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“…An elongated rostrum lined with enlarged rostral denticles (= rostral saw‐teeth, rostral spines) possessed by certain selachimorph (sharks) and batomorph (skates and rays) neoselachians likely served as a foraging, predation, and/or self‐defense adaptation (Kriwet & Kussius, 2001; Nevatte et al, 2017; Sternes & Shimada, 2018; Welten et al, 2015; Wüeringer et al, 2009). The pristiophorids (extant sawsharks), pristids (extant sawfishes), and sclerorhynchoids (extinct sawfishes) independently evolved this curious morphology (Cappetta, 2012; Villalobos‐Segura et al, 2021). Ischyrhiza mira Leidy, 1856 is a chronostratigraphically long‐ranging (Turonian–Maastrichtian) North American sclerorhynchoid (Cappetta, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex enameloid microstructure of †Ischyrhiza mira rostral denticles

et al. 2022

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Serving in a foraging or self-defense capacity, pristiophorids, pristids, and the extinct sclerorhynchoids independently evolved an elongated rostrum lined with modified dermal denticles called rostral denticles. Isolated rostral denticles of the sclerorhynchoid Ischyrhiza mira are commonly recovered from Late Cretaceous North American marine deposits. Although the external morphology has been thoroughly presented in the literature, very little is known about the histological composition and organization of these curious structures. Using acid-etching techniques and scanning electron microscopy, we show that the microstructure of I. mira rostral denticles are considerably more complex than that of previously described dermal denticles situated elsewhere on the body. The apical cap consists of outer single crystallite enameloid (SCE) and inner bundled crystallite enameloid (BCE) overlying a region of orthodentine. The BCE has distinct parallel bundled enameloid (PBE), tangled bundled enameloid (TBE), and radial bundled enameloid (RBE) components. Additionally, the cutting edge of the rostral denticle is produced by a superficial layer of SCE and a deeper ridges/cutting edge layer (RCEL) of the BCE. The highly organized enameloid observed in the rostral denticles of this batomorph resembles that of the multifaceted tissue architecture observed in the oral teeth of selachimorphs and demonstrates that dermal scales have the capacity to evolve histologically similar complex tooth-like structures both inside and outside the oropharyngeal cavity.

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The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis(Elasmobranchii) from the ‘Mid’-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

The Phylogeny of Rays and Skates (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) Based on Morphological Characters Revisited

The Phylogeny of Rays and Skates (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) Based on Morphological Characters Revisited

The first late cretaceous mawsoniid coelacanth (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) from North America: Evidence of a lineage of extinct ‘living fossils’

Complex enameloid microstructure of †Ischyrhiza mira rostral denticles

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