The Silent Threat: A Case of Iatrogenic Asymptomatic Aortic Dissection Post Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Abstract

Asymptomatic aortic dissection (AD) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication that can occur following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. While CABG is a well-established surgical procedure for managing multivessel coronary artery disease, it can inadvertently predispose patients to the development of AD, especially in those with pre-existing aortic pathology. The pathophysiology underlying AD after CABG is multifactorial, with factors, such as atherosclerosis, manipulation of the aorta during surgery, and hemodynamic stress, playing significant roles. Notably, the absence of symptoms poses a diagnostic challenge, as patients may remain unaware of the underlying condition until a catastrophic event occurs. Therefore, a high index of suspicion and vigilant postoperative monitoring are crucial in identifying asymptomatic AD. Diagnostic modalities including imaging techniques, such as computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and echocardiography, play pivotal roles in confirming the diagnosis and determining the extent of the dissection. Prompt surgical intervention is generally recommended in symptomatic patients or those with evidence of impending complications. We hereby present a case report of a patient who presented with asymptomatic AD post CABG surgery and discuss the pathophysiology, presentation, diagnostic workup, and treatment options.

Iatrogenic aortic dissection in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: A systemic review of published literatures

“…Table 1 presents the descriptive analysis of these cases. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] The 27 patients were aged 50 to 81 years, 25 (93%) males and 2 (7%) females. Among the patients, 23 (85%) were Europeans and 4 (15%) were Asians.…”