The shoot and root growth of Brachypodium and its potential as a model for wheat and other cereal crops

Watt, Michelle; Schneebeli, Katharina; Dong, Peng; Wilson, Iain W.

doi:10.1071/fp09214

Cited by 74 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…An inherent advantage of using brachypodium as a model for root diseases is that it can be grown in small pots to a later stage of development than wheat (Watt et al, 2009). There is some indication that nodal roots, which appear during the vegetative phase, may play a role in compensating for early primary root loss due to disease.…”

Section: Hemibiotrophic and Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brachypodium as an emerging model for cereal–pathogen interactions

et al. 2015

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Background Cereal diseases cause tens of billions of dollars of losses annually and have devastating humanitarian consequences in the developing world. Increased understanding of the molecular basis of cereal host-pathogen interactions should facilitate development of novel resistance strategies. However, achieving this in most cereals can be challenging due to large and complex genomes, long generation times and large plant size, as well as quarantine and intellectual property issues that may constrain the development and use of community resources. Brachypodium distachyon (brachypodium) with its small, diploid and sequenced genome, short generation time, high transformability and rapidly expanding community resources is emerging as a tractable cereal model.Scope Recent research reviewed here has demonstrated that brachypodium is either susceptible or partially susceptible to many of the major cereal pathogens. Thus, the study of brachypodium-pathogen interactions appears to hold great potential to improve understanding of cereal disease resistance, and to guide approaches to enhance this resistance. This paper reviews brachypodium experimental pathosystems for the study of fungal, bacterial and viral cereal pathogens; the current status of the use of brachypodium for functional analysis of cereal disease resistance; and comparative genomic approaches undertaken using brachypodium to assist characterization of cereal resistance genes. Additionally, it explores future prospects for brachypodium as a model to study cereal-pathogen interactions.Conclusions The study of brachypodium-pathogen interactions appears to be a productive strategy for understanding mechanisms of disease resistance in cereal species. Knowledge obtained from this model interaction has strong potential to be exploited for crop improvement.

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Section: Hemibiotrophic and Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brachypodium as an emerging model for cereal–pathogen interactions

et al. 2015

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“…Therefore, for the vast majority of traits (e.g. cell wall composition, yield, stress tolerance, cell wall biosynthesis, root growth, development, and plant-pathogen interactions), Brachypodium can serve as a useful functional model for the grasses, and initial studies on cell walls, grain development, and root growth support Brachypodium's utility as a model system (Watt et al, 2009;Larré et al, 2010;Guillon et al, 2011;Opanowicz et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011). f Assembly consists of sequenced BACs many of which contain unordered genes because of the difficulty associated with assembling repetitive DNA.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Traits including cell wall composition, plant architecture, grain properties, intercalary meristems, and root architecture are best studied using grass model systems (Vogel, 2008;Watt et al, 2009). Rice (Oryza sativa) and maize (Zea mays) have numerous advantages as grass models, including sequenced genomes, large research communities, and substantial genetic resources and (http://www.gramene.…”

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Brachypodium as a Model for the Grasses: Today and the Future

et al. 2011

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Model systems not only allow scientists to investigate complex processes that are difficult to study in nonmodel organisms but also serve to focus community efforts and resources, significantly advancing research. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has served as a plant model system for almost 30 years and is widely considered the preeminent model plant. The success of Arabidopsis-related research has been driven not only by key features common to any model organism but also by the collaborative environment built by the Arabidopsis community. A decade after the Arabidopsis genome sequence was published, the development of model plants follows a different trajectory. In the past, the development of extensive resources and a large user community happened first and then sequencing the genome followed. Today, however, an organism is selected as a potential model and genome sequencing occurs prior to or concurrent with the development of experimental tools and a user community. Arabidopsis research has provided many scientific breakthroughs (Flavell, 2009). However, its utility as a model is limited to a certain extent when investigating monocot-specific processes.Within the monocots, grasses provide the vast majority of human calories and are increasingly utilized as a sustainable source of energy. Traits including cell wall composition, plant architecture, grain properties,

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“…The results of basic and applied research into these three species and specially in B. distachyon, will serve as a reference to allow genetic improvements to be made in cereals of greater economic importance, such as wheat, barley, oats, etc. (Watt et al 2009;Chochois et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of root system architecture in seedlings ofBrachypodium spp.using three plant growth supports

González

Friero

Selfa

et al. 2016

Cereal Research Communications

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This work reports a rapid procedure of comparing root development among different genotypes of Brachypodium spp., using three plant growth supports: gel chamber, 'Termita' chamber and Whatman paper. Eight variables of the root system architecture (RSA) (number of seminal roots, number of lateral roots, total length of the roots, length of the primary root, mean diameter of the roots, mean diameter of the primary root, total surface area and total volume of the roots) were studied in seedling of four genotypes each of Brachypodium distachyon, B. stacei and B. hybridum. Correlations between pairs of growth supports in terms of the eight variables examined were highly significant. In all three supports, B. stacei showed the greatest root system development while B. distachyon showed the least; B. hybridum, an allotetraploid species derived from hybridization between B. distachyon and B. stacei, showed intermediate development. ANOVA and LSD tests showed that significant differences exist between the supports, species and genotypes with respect to all the variables analysed. A cluster analysis was conducted to determine if the RSA traits could be used to differentiate the species and genotypes of Brachypodium. This analysis allowed differentiated between the three species and twelve genotypes of Brachypodium spp., although a certain overlap between species was observed. The Whatman paper support was the easiest to use, and is recommended for the characterization of large collections of genotypes.

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The shoot and root growth of Brachypodium and its potential as a model for wheat and other cereal crops

Cited by 74 publications

References 33 publications

Brachypodium as an emerging model for cereal–pathogen interactions

Brachypodium as an emerging model for cereal–pathogen interactions

Brachypodium as a Model for the Grasses: Today and the Future

A comparative study of root system architecture in seedlings ofBrachypodium spp.using three plant growth supports

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