The sensitivity of BCG scar as an indicator of previous vaccination among Sudanese infants

Kheir, Abdelmoneim E M.; Alhaj, Abdelmoneim A.; Ibrahim, Samar A.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.08.095

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…BCG scars were noted in 98 % of the infants at 12 months of age in our study. Our result is similar to some findings reported in the literature (4,6), however there are studies reporting higher rates of scar formation failure (6)(7)(8). This difference may be attributed to the definition of BCG scar, vaccination technique or BCG strain in the vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Evaluation of the Effect of Vaccination Technique on BCG Vaccine Reaction

et al. 2015

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intradermal) if the diameter is 5-6 mm, Technique 2 if the diameter is less then 5 mm. BCG reaction was evaluated at 3 months of age and scar formation was evaluated at 12 months of age. A scar formation with a diameter more than 2 mm was accepted as present. During this follow-up period, the local reaction is noted as exaggerated if the longest diameter of the reaction was more than 6 mm. Results: Technique 1 (Intradermal) was applied on 44 (52,4%) infants. . The white wheal was not formed in 10% of the infants. All infants had vaccination reaction during the follow-up but BCG reaction at 3 months of age was earlier in Technique 1 (intradermal) group. During the follow-up period we observed exaggerated local reaction in 22 (27.2 %) infants. Exaggerated local reactions were less in the intradermal technique. 0f the 81 infants assessed for scar formation only one patient had no scar at 12 months of age and his reaction was abortive. Conclusions:This study showed that the vaccination technique had no impact on scar formation but exaggerated local reactions occur less with intradermal vaccination. Further randomized studies relating vaccination technique to vaccine effectiveness are needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Evaluation of the Effect of Vaccination Technique on BCG Vaccine Reaction

et al. 2015

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“…In contrast, donors who declared no BCG vaccination history, all came from Canada where BCG is not routinely used. Although BCG vaccination does not always result in a scar and scars can wane with time, all BCG+ donors in our study exhibited an identifiable scar [ 64 – 66 ]. We also note that this study focused on host responses early after infection using an attenuated strain of Mtb .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of immune responses of human PBMCs infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra: Impact of donor declared BCG vaccination history on immune responses and M. tuberculosis growth

et al. 2018

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This study characterized the immune responses in early Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Ra infection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-collagen matrix culture and the impact of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination history of donor PBMCs on the immune responses to Mtb infection. Aggregates of PBMCs were initially observed on day 3 and the size of aggregates continued to increase on day 8 post-infection, where macrophages and T cell subsets were identified to be present. Similarly, mycobacterial load progressively increased in infected PBMCs during the 8 days of culture but were significantly lower in infected PBMCs from BCG vaccinated (BCG+) donors compared to unvaccinated (BCG-) donors. The levels of INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 in the supernatants of Mtb-infected PBMCs peaked at day 3 and decreased on days 5 and 8. The levels of these cytokines except IL-10 were significantly lower in Mtb-infected PBMCs from BCG+ donors compared to infected PBMCs from BCG- donors. The percentages of activated naïve Th cells, activated effector memory Th cells and activated central memory Tc cells were significantly higher in Mtb-infected PBMCs compared to uninfected PBMCs at day 8 post-infection. Further, the proportion of activated central memory Tc cells was significantly higher in infected PBMCs from BCG+ donors compared to the BCG- donors. This study highlights the possibility that BCG vaccination may confound results that utilize human PBMCs to study Mtb infection.

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“…In MSs, children 1 to 6 years old with evidence of BCG vaccination were more likely to be seroprotected against diphtheria, which is not surprising because children who received BCG vaccine likely had better access to and acceptance of other vaccines [15,16].…”

Section: Plos Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination coverage survey and seroprevalence among forcibly displaced Rohingya children, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, 2018: A cross-sectional study

Feldstein¹,

Bennett²,

Estívariz³

et al. 2020

PLoS Med

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Background During August 2017-January 2018, more than 700,000 forcibly displaced Rohingyas crossed into Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. In response to measles and diphtheria cases, first documented in September and November 2017, respectively, vaccination campaigns targeting children <15 years old were mobilized during September 2017-March 2018. However, in a rapidly evolving emergency situation, poor sanitation, malnutrition, overcrowding, and lack of access to safe water and healthcare can increase susceptibility to infectious diseases, particularly among children. We aimed to estimate population immunity to vaccinepreventable diseases (VPDs) after vaccination activities in the camps to identify any remaining immunity gaps among Rohingya children. Methods and findings We conducted a cross-sectional serologic and vaccination coverage survey in Nayapara Registered Refugee Camp ("Nayapara") and makeshift settlements (MSs) April 28, 2018 to May 31, 2018, among 930 children aged 6 months to 14 years. MSs are informal, self-settled areas with a population of more than 850,000, the majority of whom arrived after August 2017, whereas Nayapara is a registered camp and has better infrastructure than MSs, including provision of routine immunization services. Households were identified using simple random sampling (SRS) in Nayapara and multistage cluster sampling in MSs (because PLOS MEDICINE

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The sensitivity of BCG scar as an indicator of previous vaccination among Sudanese infants

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Evaluation of the Effect of Vaccination Technique on BCG Vaccine Reaction

Evaluation of the Effect of Vaccination Technique on BCG Vaccine Reaction

Characterization of immune responses of human PBMCs infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra: Impact of donor declared BCG vaccination history on immune responses and M. tuberculosis growth

Vaccination coverage survey and seroprevalence among forcibly displaced Rohingya children, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, 2018: A cross-sectional study

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