The SAGIR network in France: A 40-year active and passive toxicovigilance scheme for pesticide poisoning in wildlife

Berny, Philippe; Mastain, O.; Decors, Anouk; Poulsen, Véronique; Moinet, Marie; Dunoyer, Charlotte

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.1017

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…HPAIV surveillance in wild birds in France is built on an event-based surveillance system of birds that are found dead or moribund. Surveillance is carried out via the National Network for Wildlife Disease Surveillance (SAGIR), which is a network of field operators, animal health specialists, and specialized laboratories [25,26], in accordance with the official instructions of the French Ministry of Agriculture and Food Safety [27,28]. For HPAI surveillance, this system is focused on the collection of target species and uses thresholds for triggering sampling and analysis depending on the number of dead birds at the place of discovery, the species concerned, the area category (e.g., wetlands used by migratory birds), and the regulatory level of HPAI risk linked to wild birds.…”

Section: Adjusting Hpai Surveillance In Wild Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Patterns for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and Adjustment of Prevention, Control and Surveillance Strategies: The Example of France

Scoizec,

Niqueux,

Schmitz

et al. 2024

Viruses

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From 2020 up to summer 2023, there was a substantial change in the situation concerning the high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus in Europe. This change concerned mainly virus circulation within wildlife, both in wild birds and wild mammals. It involved the seasonality of HPAI detections, the species affected, excess mortality events, and the apparent increased level of contamination in wild birds. The knock-on effect concerned new impacts and challenges for the poultry sector, which is affected by repeated annual waves of HPAI arriving with wild migratory birds and by risks due to viral circulation within resident wild birds across the year. Indeed, exceeding expectations, new poultry sectors and production areas have been affected during the recent HPAI seasons in France. The HPAI virus strains involved also generate considerable concern about human health because of enhanced risks of species barrier crossing. In this article, we present these changes in detail, along with the required adjustment of prevention, control, and surveillance strategies, focusing specifically on the situation in France.

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Section: Adjusting Hpai Surveillance In Wild Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Patterns for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and Adjustment of Prevention, Control and Surveillance Strategies: The Example of France

Scoizec,

Niqueux,

Schmitz

et al. 2024

Viruses

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“…Generically therefore, there is a paucity of quantitative data about which non-target species are primarily exposed to ARs. However, data from France's SAGIR network (Berny et al 2010a) indicated that, in 836 incidents reported, wild boar (Sus scrofa) (19%) and brown hare (Lepus europaeus) in roughly equal numbers made up almost 40% of the animals found dead after water vole control operations between 1998-2013 in Franche-Comté and Auvergne (Berny et al 2005;Berny et al 2010b;Ericsson and Urban 2004;Sanchez-Barbudo et al 2012). Both species, and particularly hares, are likely to be exposed through eating bait, and these data indicate that primary poisoning of non-targets can be substantial.…”

Section: Which Not-target Species Are Likely To Be Exposed?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Exposure and Effects in Non-target Animals

Shore

Cœurdassier

2017

Emerging Topics in Ecotoxicology

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The toxicity of anticoagulant rodenticides to non-target species is one of the root concerns over wide-scale use of these compounds. Compared with the numerous studies documenting secondary exposure in predators, there have been relatively few studies on primary exposure in non-targets. We consider why primary exposure of non-targets occurs, which species are most likely to be exposed, how and why exposure magnitude varies, and whether exposure results in ecologically significant effects. Species groups or trophic guilds most at risk of primary exposure include invertebrates, reptiles, birds and mammals. Relatively little is known about exposure and particularly effects in invertebrates and reptiles although recent studies suggest that anticoagulants may impact invertebrates, presumably through different toxic pathways to those that result in vertebrate toxicity. Amongst higher vertebrates, primary exposure occurs in some bird species but there is little information on extent and importance. There are more studies on non-target mammals and it is granivorous species that are most likely to feed on bait and accumulate residues, as might be predicted given their ecological and trophic similarities to target species. However, studies suggest a surprisingly high degree of exposure in shrews, although it is unclear the extent to which this is primary and/or secondary. Overall, arguably the most striking aspect of primary exposure in mammals is the large-scale variation both in the proportion of animals exposed and the magnitude of residues accumulated. We consider the multiple abiotic and biotic factors that may drive this, including the direct and indirect effects of resistance in target species. In terms of ecologically significant effects, primary exposure clearly does cause acute mortalities in nontarget vertebrates and these have been associated with significant population impacts on intensively baited islands where there has been limited or no potential for immigration. Localised population impacts have also been documented in mainland small mammals but most non-targets are likely to be r-selected species. Population declines may therefore be expected to be relatively short-term, provided baiting is episodic, as population numbers can recover through high intrinsic rate of reproduction in survivors, reduced density-dependent mortality, and immigration. However, prolonged or permanent baiting may potentially result in long-term depletion of resident non-target populations that is ameliorated only by immigration; such areas may act as population sinks.

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“…While few monitoring studies have examined exposure and effects of pharmaceuticals in higher wild vertebrates, various programmes currently investigate uptake and effects of toxic metals, pesticides, biocides and organic pollutants in higher vertebrates. Some primarily measure exposure (and limited effects), whereas others are specifically tailored to determine effects, typically mortality, and their cause [ 83 – 86 ].…”

Section: How Are Exposure and Effects Detected In Wildlife For Other mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some national monitoring schemes have an effects-based approach, particularly regarding poisoning [ 83 , 85 ]. Such mortality incident monitoring schemes are intended to detect significant adverse effects, ostensibly mortality, caused by authorized PPPs and, in some cases, other approved toxicants.…”

Section: How Are Exposure and Effects Detected In Wildlife For Other mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and drivers of exposure and effects of pharmaceuticals in higher vertebrates

Shore

Taggart

Smits

et al. 2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Pharmaceuticals are highly bioactive compounds now known to be widespread environmental contaminants. However, research regarding exposure and possible effects in non-target higher vertebrate wildlife remains scarce. The fate and behaviour of most pharmaceuticals entering our environment via numerous pathways remain poorly characterized, and hence our conception and understanding of the risks posed to wild animals is equally constrained. The recent decimation of Asian vulture populations owing to a pharmaceutical (diclofenac) offers a notable example, because the exposure route (livestock carcasses) and the acute toxicity observed were completely unexpected. This case not only highlights the need for further research, but also the wider requirement for more considered and comprehensive ‘ecopharmacovigilance’. We discuss known and potential high risk sources and pathways in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems where pharmaceutical exposure in higher vertebrate wildlife, principally birds and mammals, may occur. We examine whether approaches taken within existing surveillance schemes (that commonly target established classes of persistent or bioaccumulative contaminants) and the risk assessment approaches currently used for pesticides are relevant to pharmaceuticals, and we highlight where new approaches may be required to assess pharmaceutical-related risk.

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The SAGIR network in France: A 40-year active and passive toxicovigilance scheme for pesticide poisoning in wildlife

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

New Patterns for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and Adjustment of Prevention, Control and Surveillance Strategies: The Example of France

New Patterns for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and Adjustment of Prevention, Control and Surveillance Strategies: The Example of France

Primary Exposure and Effects in Non-target Animals

Detection and drivers of exposure and effects of pharmaceuticals in higher vertebrates

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