The safety and immunogenicity of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in European badgers (Meles meles)

Lesellier, Sandrine; Palmer, Si; Dalley, Deanna; Davé, Dipesh; Johnson, Linda K.; Hewinson, R. Glyn; Chambers, Mark A.

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.03.009

Cited by 61 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Cortisol was analyzed using a Kodak Amerlite (Kodak Clinical Diagnostics Ltd., Amersham, UK;1992-1997 and DPC Immulite 1000 (Diagnostic Products Corporation, Los Angeles, California, USA;1997. These systems have not been validated for moose; however, they have been used successfully in many wildlife studies (Milner et al, 2003;Lesellier et al, 2006).…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematology and Serum Chemistry Reference Ranges of Free-Ranging Moose (Alces Alces) in Norway

Rostal

Evans

Solberg

et al. 2012

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Baseline reference ranges of serum chemistry and hematology data can be important indicators for the status of both individuals or populations of wild animals that are affected by emerging pathogens, toxicants, or other causes of disease. Frequently, reference ranges for these values are not available for wildlife species or subspecies. We present hematologic and serum chemistry reference ranges for moose (Alces alces) adults, yearlings, and calves in Norway sampled from 1992-2000. Additionally, we demonstrated that both induction time and chase time were correlated with initial rectal temperature, although they were not significantly correlated with cortisol, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, or creatine kinase. Overall, the reference ranges given here are similar to those given for American moose, with a few differences that can be attributed to environment, testing methodology, or subspecies or species status. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of reference ranges for moose in Norway.

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Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematology and Serum Chemistry Reference Ranges of Free-Ranging Moose (Alces Alces) in Norway

Rostal

Evans

Solberg

et al. 2012

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…One vial of stock M. bovis was thawed and serially diluted in sterile water þ 0.05% (v/v) Tween 80 to contain approximately 5 Â 10 3 CFU ml 21 . At each dilution, the suspension was vortexed to diminish the risk of bacterial clumping.…”

Section: (A) General (I) Anaesthesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that BCG confers some protection to badgers against experimental challenge with M. bovis when delivered via the subcutaneous or combined intranasal/conjunctival routes [19,20]. Our recent studies have shown that intramuscular (IM) administration of BCG to badgers is both safe and of equivalent immunogenicity to subcutaneous delivery [21]. It also has the practical advantage of being readily administered to trapped badgers without recourse to anaesthesia.…”

Section: Introduction Tuberculosis (Bovine Tb) Caused By Infection Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination reduces the severity and progression of tuberculosis in badgers

et al. 2010

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Control of bovine tuberculosis (TB) in cattle has proven particularly challenging where reservoirs of infection exist in wildlife populations. In Britain and Ireland, control is hampered by a reservoir of infection in Eurasian badgers (Meles meles). Badger culling has positive and negative effects on bovine TB in cattle and is difficult, costly and controversial. Here we show that Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination of captive badgers reduced the progression, severity and excretion of Mycobacterium bovis infection after experimental challenge. In a clinical field study, BCG vaccination of free-living badgers reduced the incidence of positive serological test results by 73.8 per cent. In common with other species, BCG did not appear to prevent infection of badgers subjected to experimental challenge, but did significantly reduce the overall disease burden. BCG vaccination of badgers could comprise an important component of a comprehensive programme of measures to control bovine TB in cattle.

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“…In wildlife and domestic animals, although several species have been vaccinated by different routes (11,17), no adverse reactions other than local reactions in badgers and some systemic reactions in cattle have been reported (11,18). In the case of the badgers, differences in the persistence of the lesions were also dependent on the strain and the route of administration (11,18). In cattle, adverse effects have been attributed to high doses used for vaccination (10 9 CFU) and to contamination of the BCG preparation (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of an Oral Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine and an Inactivated M. bovis Preparation for Wild Boar in Terms of Adverse Reactions, Vaccine Strain Survival, and Uptake by Nontarget Species

Beltrán‐Beck

Romero

Sevilla

et al. 2013

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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Wildlife vaccination is increasingly being considered as an option for tuberculosis control. We combined data from laboratory trials and an ongoing field trial to assess the risk of an oral Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine and a prototype heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis preparation for Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa). We studied adverse reactions, BCG survival, BCG excretion, and bait uptake by nontarget species. No adverse reactions were observed after administration of BCG (n ‫؍‬ 27) or inactivated M. bovis (n ‫؍‬ 21). BCG was not found at necropsy (175 to 300 days postvaccination [n ‫؍‬ 27]). No BCG excretion was detected in fecal samples (n ‫؍‬ 162) or in urine or nasal, oral, or fecal swab samples at 258 days postvaccination (n ‫؍‬ 29). In the field, we found no evidence of loss of BCG viability in baits collected after 36 h (temperature range, 11°C to 41°C). Camera trapping showed that wild boar (39%) and birds (56%) were the most frequent visitors to bait stations (selective feeders). Wild boar activity patterns were nocturnal, while diurnal activities were recorded for all bird species. We found large proportions of chewed capsules (29%) (likely ingestion of the vaccine) and lost baits (39%) (presumably consumed), and the proportion of chewed capsules showed a positive correlation with the presence of wild boar. Both results suggest proper bait consumption (68%). These results indicate that BCG vaccination in wild boar is safe and that, while bait consumption by other species is possible, this can be minimized by using selective cages and strict timing of bait deployment.

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The safety and immunogenicity of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in European badgers (Meles meles)

Cited by 61 publications

References 39 publications

Hematology and Serum Chemistry Reference Ranges of Free-Ranging Moose (Alces Alces) in Norway

Hematology and Serum Chemistry Reference Ranges of Free-Ranging Moose (Alces Alces) in Norway

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination reduces the severity and progression of tuberculosis in badgers

Assessment of an Oral Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine and an Inactivated M. bovis Preparation for Wild Boar in Terms of Adverse Reactions, Vaccine Strain Survival, and Uptake by Nontarget Species

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