The Russian Strategy of using Crystalline Rock as a Repository for Nuclear Waste

Лаверов, Н. П.; Yudintsev, S. V.; Kochkin, B. T.; Malkovsky, V. I.

doi:10.2113/gselements.12.4.253

Cited by 61 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In the case of the host rock as the last barrier the repository is embedded in, these solid phases are mostly heterogeneous, complex systems like granite or clay consisting of a mix of various minerals 2 . In Germany, both systems as well as salt rock are possible candidates to use as a host rock 3 , while in other countries like Scandinavia, Russia or China granite is favored 4–6 . In this study the sorption behavior of Eu(III) on granite is investigated, which serves as an chemical homologue for trivalent actinides Am(III), Cm(III), and Pu(III).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorption of Eu(III) on Eibenstock granite studied by µTRLFS: A novel spatially-resolved luminescence-spectroscopic technique

Molodtsov

Schymura

Rothe

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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In this study a novel technique, micro-focus time-resolved laser-induced luminescence spectroscopy (µTRLFS) is presented to investigate heterogeneous systems like granite (mainly consisting of quartz, feldspar, and mica), regarding their sorption behavior. µTRLFS is a spatially-resolved upgrade of conventional TRLFS, which allows point-by-point analysis of single minerals by reducing the beam size of the analytic laser beam to below the size of mineral grains. This provides visualization of sorption capacity as well as speciation of a luminescent probe, here Eu 3+ . A thin-section of granitic rock from Eibenstock, Saxony, Germany was analyzed regarding its mineralogy with microprobe X-ray fluorescence (µXRF) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Afterwards, it was reacted with 5.0 × 10 −5 mol/L Eu 3+ at pH 8.0 and uptake was quantified by autoradiography. Finally, the µTRLFS studies were conducted. The results clearly show that the materials interact differently with Eu 3+ , and often even on one mineral grain different speciations can be found. Alkali-feldspar shows very high uptake, with an inhomogeneous distribution, and intermediate sorption strength. On quartz uptake is almost 10-fold lower, while the complexation strength is higher than on feldspar. This may be indicative of adsorption only at surface defect sites, in accordance with low hydration of the observed species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorption of Eu(III) on Eibenstock granite studied by µTRLFS: A novel spatially-resolved luminescence-spectroscopic technique

Molodtsov

Schymura

Rothe

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…Construction concept of waste disposal in the Russian Federation also includes the use of bentonite clay as a component of an engineered multi-barrier system [9,10]. According to current concepts, a bentonite barrier must retain its properties for over thousands of years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Montmorillonite Structure and Transformation of Its Properties under Treatment with Inorganic Acid Solutions

et al. 2017

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This paper discusses the mechanism of montmorillonite structural alteration and modification of bentonites' properties (based on samples from clay deposits Taganskoye, Kazakhstan and Mukhortala, Buriatia) under thermochemical treatment (treatment with inorganic acid solutions at different temperatures, concentrations and reaction times). Treatment conditions were chosen according to those accepted in chemical industry for obtaining acid modified clays as catalysts or sorbents. Also, more intense treatment was carried out to simulate possible influence at the liquid radioactive site repositories. A series of methods was used: XRD, FTIR, ICP-AES, TEM, nitrogen adsorption, and particle size analysis. It allowed revealing certain processes: transformation of montmorillonite structure which appears in the leaching of interlayer and octahedral cations and protonation of the interlayer and -OH groups at octahedral sheets. In turn, changes in the structure of the 2:1 layer of montmorillonite and its interlayer result in significant alterations in the properties: reduction of cation exchange capacity and an increase of specific surface area. Acid treatment also leads to a redistribution of particle sizes and changes the pore system. The results of the work showed that bentonite clays retain a significant portion of their adsorption properties even after a prolonged and intense thermochemical treatment (1 M HNO 3 , 60 • C, 108 h).

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“…Different disposal concepts exist that mainly include deep, mined geologic repositories emplacing waste canisters at depths of hundreds of meters in either crystalline rock (Hedin and Olsson, 2016;Laverov et al, 2016), argillaceous (clay) rock (Grambow, 2016;NAGRA, 2002), salt rock (Berlepsch and Haverkamp, 2016;Robinson et al, 2012), or volcanic tuff rock (Swift and Bonano, 2016) and deep borehole disposal that emplaces waste at even greater depths, up to five kilometers (Brady et al, 2017).…”

Section: Deep Geological Disposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-technical evaluation of long-term spent nuclear fuel management options: The case of San Onofre, California

Diaz-Maurin¹,

Ewing²

2020

Preprint

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In the absence of a federal geologic repository or consolidated, interim storage in the United States, commercial spent fuel will remain stranded at some 75 sites across the country. Currently, these include 18 "orphaned sites" where spent fuel has been left at decommissioned reactor sites. In this context, local communities living close to decommissioned nuclear power plants are increasingly concerned about this legacy of nuclear power production and are seeking alternative options to move the spent fuel away from those sites. In this paper we use a newly proposed socio-technical multi-criteria evaluation (STMCE) framework and method for nuclear waste management strategies and apply it to the case of the decommissioned San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) in California. The case of SONGS illustrates the issues encountered for the longterm management of commercial spent fuel in the United States and how local communities attempt to participate in decision-making for plant decommissioning and spent fuel 2 management and disposal. The case study was conducted with a group of Stanford graduate students who helped test the method. The analysis presented in this paper corresponds to the first iteration of the STMCE framework that requires the participation of stakeholders. The STMCE framework brings together social and technical dimensions of analysis, as well as concerns for the social impact of feasible options. STMCE also provides a method consisting of mathematical procedures for the multi-criteria evaluation and social conflict analysis. The case study at SONGS provides insights on how coalitions of socio-technical actors can form and how compromise solutions can be identified to inform the policy decisions. We conclude by discussing the potential impact that such an approach could have on the management of commercial spent fuel in the United States.

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The Russian Strategy of using Crystalline Rock as a Repository for Nuclear Waste

Cited by 61 publications

References 3 publications

Sorption of Eu(III) on Eibenstock granite studied by µTRLFS: A novel spatially-resolved luminescence-spectroscopic technique

Sorption of Eu(III) on Eibenstock granite studied by µTRLFS: A novel spatially-resolved luminescence-spectroscopic technique

Experimental Study of Montmorillonite Structure and Transformation of Its Properties under Treatment with Inorganic Acid Solutions

Socio-technical evaluation of long-term spent nuclear fuel management options: The case of San Onofre, California

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