The Rumen Bacteria

Hungate, R. E.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-3308-6.50005-x

Cited by 99 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A comparison of the ability of presumptive htyrivibrios and type cultures of the genus to ferment different carbon sources was made in liquid medium B to which carbon sources (0.4% final concentration) had been added according to the schemes of Hungate (1966) and Ogimoto & Imai (1 98 1). Growth was assessed either by measuring culture turbidity after I , 2 and 5 d incubation, or by comparing the concentration of volatile fatty acids in the culture supernatant with the concentration in uninoculated medium after 5 d incubation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The obligately anaerobic Gram-negative rods which had been isolated from cows and sheep were assigned to the genus Butyrivibrio on the basis of biochemical characterization as described in standard texts (Hungate, 1966;Holdeman & Moore, 1972;Ogimoto & Imai, 1981 ; Table l), and by comparison with strains whose status as Butyrivibrio spp. had been deduced previously, in some instances, by other workers (Bu49.…”

Section: Biochemical Characteristics Of' Presumptive Butyrivibriosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have been isolated from the forestomachs of different species of ruminants under a range of feeding regimes (Hungate, 1966;Roche et a)., 1973) and are involved in the ruminal digestion of cellulose (Rochk et al, 1973), the hydrolysis of dietary lipid (Hazlewood & Dawson, 1975, the hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (Polan et al, 1964) and in the production of butyrate and the interconversion of acetate and butyrate (Latham & Legakis, 1976;Van Gylswyk, 1976). Butyrivibrios are heterogeneous with respect to substrates fermented, fermentation products (Bryant & Small, 1956;Shane et al, 1969), nutritional characteristics (Byrant & Robinson, 1962;Shane et al, 1969), and serology (Margherita & Hungate, 1963;Margherita et al, 1964).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Preparation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to a Butyrivibrio sp. and Their Potential Use in the Identification of Rumen Butyrivibrios, Using an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Hazlewood

Theodorou²,

Jordan

et al. 1986

Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Antisera and monoclonal antibodies (McAb) were prepared against the proteolytic rumen bacterium Butyrivibrio strain PI-7, and their reaction with bacterial antigens was quantified by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A dye-release assay was developed to assess the binding of fixed bacterial cells to microtitration plates. Five McAb were screened against 15 type cultures representing other important rumen genera, five type cultures of the genus Butyrivibrio and 63 presumptive butyrivibrios, which were assigned to the genus on the basis of their biochemical and morphological characteristics. Antiserum was also screened against all strains of Butyrivibrio. Of all the bacteria tested, only six presumptive butyrivibrios cross-reacted with two or more McAb; six others cross-reacted with at least one McAb; 20 butyrivibrios, including three of the type cultures, cross-reacted with the antiserum. Binding-competition studies indicated that the McAb were directed against three different antigenic determinants. It is concluded that McAb have potential uses in grouping butyrivibrios and as a specific probe for a single strain.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biochemical Characteristics Of' Presumptive Butyrivibriosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Preparation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to a Butyrivibrio sp. and Their Potential Use in the Identification of Rumen Butyrivibrios, Using an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Hazlewood

Theodorou²,

Jordan

et al. 1986

Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These observations suggest the broad presence of Oscillospira species in various rumen ecosystems with the level, and most likely the morphological form, dependent on diet. An ecological analysis based on enumeration of the morphologically conspicuous, large-septate form confirms that the highest counts are associated with the feeding of fresh forage diets to cattle and sheep and in two different subspecies of reindeer investigated.Morphologically unique, large bacteria of the genus Oscillospira, which have not been grown in pure culture yet, can be routinely detected microscopically in the rumen contents of cattle and sheep (11,18). A number of Oscillospira spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of Uncultivated Oscillospira Species in the Rumen of Cattle, Sheep, and Reindeer as Assessed by Microscopy and Molecular Approaches

Mackie

Aminov

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ecology of the uncultured, but large and morphologically conspicuous, rumen bacterium Oscillospira spp. was studied. Oscillospira-specific 16S rRNA gene sequences were detected in North American domestic cattle, sheep from Australia and Japan, and Norwegian reindeer. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences obtained allowed definition of three operational taxonomic units within the Oscillospira clade. Consistent with this genetic diversity, we observed atypical smaller morphotypes by using an Oscillospira-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization probe. Despite the visual disappearance of typical large Oscillospira morphotypes, the presence of Oscillospira spp. was still detected by Oscillospira-specific PCR in the rumen of cattle and sheep. These observations suggest the broad presence of Oscillospira species in various rumen ecosystems with the level, and most likely the morphological form, dependent on diet. An ecological analysis based on enumeration of the morphologically conspicuous, large-septate form confirms that the highest counts are associated with the feeding of fresh forage diets to cattle and sheep and in two different subspecies of reindeer investigated.Morphologically unique, large bacteria of the genus Oscillospira, which have not been grown in pure culture yet, can be routinely detected microscopically in the rumen contents of cattle and sheep (11,18). A number of Oscillospira spp. are responsive to the advent of green pastures and fluctuate seasonally (13, 17) (see also Table 1). The only species of Oscillospira described in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (8) is Oscillospira guilliermondii, and this entry refers to the original morphological description by Chatton and Perard in 1913. Warner (34) proposed that at least two strains or species be included in the Oscillospira group based on cell diameter and the tendency to form spores as the main characteristic differences. This implies that there are different morphological forms or species related to different diets or in different gut ecosystems.Detection and identification of microbial populations are the most basic prerequisites for microbial ecology studies. Over the last decade, several molecular techniques have been developed that when applied to the rumen microbiota have revealed enormous microbial diversity not recognized previously because of limitations and biases inherent in the cultivation approach (24,(30)(31)(32)37). The cultivation-independent approach provides technology for detection and monitoring of microorganisms such as Oscillospira, for which growth requirements are unknown and undetermined. The only requirement for the development of molecular detection techniques is the availability of a marker molecule. Fortunately, several 16S rRNA gene sequences have recently been retrieved from this large bacterium isolated by flow cytometric sorting (39), and this enabled the design of various molecular probes for detection and monitoring. We designed and validate here PCR and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electroph...

show abstract

“…Some different mechanisms by which H2 is formed have been known in different types of organisms, and the enzyme hydrogenase, which catalyzes H2 formation, has been at least partially characterized in several species3, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. In several bacterial species, it has been shown that H2 production is influenced by the partial pressure of H2, and stimulated by growth with H2-consuming organisms2.11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Hydrogen on the Fermentation in Rumen Protozoa, Entodinium Species

Hino¹

1983

Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The influence of H2 on the fermentation of starch by rumen protozoa, mixture of Entodinium species, was studied in cultures in vitro. An experiment in which H2 was continuously flown into cultures to provide the high partial pressure of H2, showed that the fermentation activity of entodinia is lowered by H2: Starch consumption and organic acid production were decreased.Simultaneously, a shift in the pattern of fermentation products was observed; acetate was decreased greatly, while butyrate was altered little, resulting in the decreased percentage of acetate and increased percentage of butyrate. In another experiment the co-existence of methanogenic bacteria, which were co-cultured to remove H2 produced by entodinia, was found to enhance the fermentation activity of entodinia: Starch consumption, together with organic acid production, were increased.A great increase in acetate and little change in butyrate were also seen. Enhancement of H2 production was shown, which could possibly be the reason for stimulated acetate production.A marked increase in the assumed ATP yield from fermentation was also noted.However, on the whole, the influence of the partial pressure of H2 was not so great as expected.Implications of these results are discussed in detail.Jpn. J. Zootech. Sci., 54 (5): [320][321][322][323][324][325][326][327][328] 1983 In order to understand the role played by protozoa in the metabolism that occurs in the rumen, expecially in energy metabolism, i, e., the energetic aspect of microbial cell synthesis and volatile fatty acid production, it may be of importance to have basic knowledge and adequate information on the fermentation process and growth rate of protozoa, and the factors affecting them. In anaerobic organisms and facultative microbes growing anaerobically, it is generally believed that the rate of growth is primarily limited by the fermentation process,i. e., the process of obtaining energy by means of oxidizing substrates1). In these organisms, fermentation activity is decisively affected by the readiness to dispose of electrons liberated from substrate oxidation. One of the most important modes of disposing of excess electrons has been known to be the formation of H2: Hydrogen is a common end product of carbohydrate fermentation in many bacterial2.3) and several protozoal4-6) species, including rumen microbes7).Some different mechanisms by which H2 is formed have been known in different types of organisms, and the enzyme hydrogenase, which catalyzes H2 formation, has been at least partially characterized in several species3,3-10). In several bacterial species, it has been shown that H2 production is influenced by the partial pressure of H2, and stimulated by growth with H2-consuming organisms2.11). Furthermore, in Jpn. J. Zootech. Sci., 54 (5): 320-328 320 1983

show abstract

The Rumen Bacteria

Cited by 99 publications

References 0 publications

Preparation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to a Butyrivibrio sp. and Their Potential Use in the Identification of Rumen Butyrivibrios, Using an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Preparation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to a Butyrivibrio sp. and Their Potential Use in the Identification of Rumen Butyrivibrios, Using an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Ecology of Uncultivated Oscillospira Species in the Rumen of Cattle, Sheep, and Reindeer as Assessed by Microscopy and Molecular Approaches

Influence of Hydrogen on the Fermentation in Rumen Protozoa, Entodinium Species

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About