The Role of Type III Secretion System and Lens Material on Adhesion of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>to Contact Lenses

Shen, Edward; Tsay, Ruey Yug; Chia, Jean-San; Wu, Semon; Lee, Jing Wen; Hu, Fung-Rong

doi:10.1167/iovs.11-8184

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Indeed, the P. aeruginosa T3SS has actually been implicated in promoting adhesion to contact lenses, as has lens exposure to artificial tear fluid. 50 Thus, the reciprocal regulation model appears to be conditional on the experimental set-up. It is unclear why there would be more robust T3SS expression in biofilms grown on contact lenses when its expression is suppressed during biofilm growth in some other circumstances, but this could relate to properties of the material, or some other variable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Tear Fluid Reduces Culturability of Contact Lens-Associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms but Induces Expression of the Virulence-Associated Type III Secretion System

Tam

Zhu

et al. 2017

The Ocular Surface

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Purpose The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a significant virulence determinant for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using a rodent model, we found that contact lens (CL)-related corneal infections were associated with lens surface biofilms. Here, we studied the impact of human tear fluid on CL-associated biofilm growth and T3SS expression. Methods P. aeruginosa biofilms were formed on contact lenses for up to 7 days with or without human tear fluid, then exposed to tear fluid for 5 or 24 h. Biofilms were imaged using confocal microscopy. Bacterial culturability was quantified by viable counts, and T3SS gene expression measured by RT-qPCR. Controls included trypticase soy broth, PBS and planktonic bacteria. Results With or without tear fluid, biofilms grew to ~108 cfu viable bacteria by 24 h. Exposing biofilms to tear fluid after they had formed without it on lenses reduced bacterial culturability ~180-fold (p<.001). CL growth increased T3SS gene expression versus planktonic bacteria [5.46 ± 0.24-fold for T3SS transcriptional activitor exsA (p=.02), and 3.76 ± 0.36-fold for T3SS effector toxin exoS (p=.01)]. Tear fluid further enhanced exsA and exoS expression in CL-grown biofilms, but not planktonic bacteria, by 2.09 ± 0.38-fold (p = 0.04) and 1.89 ± 0.26-fold (p<.001), respectively. Conclusions Considering the pivitol role of the T3SS in P. aeruginosa infections, its induction in CL-grown P. aeruginosa biofilms by tear fluid might contribute to the pathogenesis of CL-related P. aeruginosa keratitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Tear Fluid Reduces Culturability of Contact Lens-Associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms but Induces Expression of the Virulence-Associated Type III Secretion System

Tam

Zhu

et al. 2017

The Ocular Surface

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“…It would be reasonable to suppose that since P. aeruginosa invaded the deep corneal stromal, phages could not infiltrate there. P. aeruginosa are motile and produce proteolytic enzymes, such as elastase B, alkaline metalloprotease (37), protease IV (38), and P. aeruginosa small protein (39), and have a type III secretion system (40). These enzymes enable P. aeruginosa to rapidly cause keratitis and to invade deep layers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage Therapy Is Effective in a Mouse Model of Bacterial Equine Keratitis

Furusawa

Iwano

Hiyashimizu

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Bacterial keratitis of the horse is mainly caused by staphylococci, streptococci, and pseudomonads. Of these bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa sometimes causes rapid corneal corruption and, in some cases, blindness. Antimicrobial resistance can make treatment very difficult. Therefore, new strategies to control bacterial infection are required. A bacteriophage (phage) is a virus that specifically infects and kills bacteria. Since phage often can lyse antibiotic-resistant bacteria because the killing mechanism is different, we examined the use of phage to treat horse bacterial keratitis. We isolated Myoviridae or Podoviridae phages, which together have a broad host range. They adsorb efficiently to host bacteria; more than 80% of the ⌽R18 phage were adsorbed to host cells after 30 s. In our keratitis mouse model, the administration of phage within 3 h also could kill bacteria and suppress keratitis. A phage multiplicity of infection of 100 times the host bacterial number could kill host bacteria effectively. A cocktail of two phages suppressed bacteria in the keratitis model mouse. These data demonstrated that the phages in this study could completely prevent the keratitis caused by P. aeruginosa in a keratitis mouse model. Furthermore, these results suggest that phage may be a more effective prophylaxis for horse keratitis than the current preventive use of antibiotics. Such treatment may reduce the use of antibiotics and therefore antibiotic resistance. Further studies are required to assess phage therapy as a candidate for treatment of horse keratitis. IMPORTANCEAntibiotic-resistant bacteria are emerging all over the world. Bacteriophages have great potential for resolution of this problem. A bacteriophage, or phage, is a virus that infects bacteria specifically. As a novel therapeutic strategy against racehorse keratitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we propose the application of phages for treatment. Phages isolated in this work had in vitro effectiveness for a broad range of P. aeruginosa strains. Indeed, a great reduction of bacterial proliferation was shown in phage therapy for mouse models of P. aeruginosa keratitis. Therefore, to reduce antibiotic usage, phage therapy should be investigated and developed further.

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“…The association of contact lens wear and cytotoxic strains has been previously demonstrated, as isolates from CLMK cases were mostly cytotoxic. 9,10 Reasons for the association of cytotoxic strains with contact lens wear need further investigation. Although the quantity of bacteria adhering to various contact lens materials was not significantly different between the two genotypes, 9 resistance of cytotoxic strains to contact lens disinfection solutions has been reported and may be one explanation for its predominance among CLMK cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,8 Analysis of genotype distribution found that isolates from patients with contact lens-associated microbial keratitis (CLMK) were mostly of the cytotoxic genotype. 9,10 Although both in vitro and animal models of pseudomonal keratitis have shown different manifestations between these two types of P.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Genotype With Antibiotic Susceptibility and Clinical Features of Induced Central Keratitis

Shen

Hsieh

Chu

et al. 2014

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

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The Role of Type III Secretion System and Lens Material on Adhesion ofPseudomonas aeruginosato Contact Lenses

Cited by 14 publications

References 64 publications

Human Tear Fluid Reduces Culturability of Contact Lens-Associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms but Induces Expression of the Virulence-Associated Type III Secretion System

Human Tear Fluid Reduces Culturability of Contact Lens-Associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms but Induces Expression of the Virulence-Associated Type III Secretion System

Phage Therapy Is Effective in a Mouse Model of Bacterial Equine Keratitis

Correlation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Genotype With Antibiotic Susceptibility and Clinical Features of Induced Central Keratitis

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