The role of travel agents in travel medicine—a study with agencies from São Paulo, Brazil

Nascimento, Giovanna M; Sartori, Ana Marli C; Lopes, Marta Heloísa; Medeiros, Carlos Roberto de; Lara, Amanda Nazareth

doi:10.1093/jtm/taaa012

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…[36] A similar study by Nascimento et al mentions that travel agents also play an important role in providing detailed information about the needs required by a traveler before traveling to the destination they are going to, if the traveler uses the services of an agent. [39] The behavior of hand washing in this study shows that the majority of travelers, namely 80.3% (49 people), always try to wash their hands before eating. This result is in line with the research of Ani & Suwiyoga and the research of Teshoma et.al that most travelers have the habit of washing their hands before they consume food and this is said to be effective in preventing diarrhea.…”

Section: Related To Traveler's Diarrheamentioning

confidence: 66%

Characteristics of Traveler’s Diarrhea in Foreign Traveler’s Visiting Beaches in Badung Regency, Bali

Azizah,

Damayanti,

Sudarmaja

2024

Int J Res Rev

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Traveler’s Diarrhea (TD) is a common infectious disease impacting travelers from developed countries who visit developing countries, such as Indonesia. Reporting of Traveler’s Diarrhea (TD) cases in Indonesia is still low, especially in Bali. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of Traveler’s Diarrhea (TD) in foreign travelers visiting beaches in Badung Regency, Bali. This study used cross sectional descriptive method in collecting data. The population was all foreign travelers visiting eight beaches in Badung Regency, Bali. In this study 61 respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection involved a questionnaire and analyzed using univariate statistics. The majority of respondents were European females (70,5%), aged 26-35 (41%), from Germany (11,5%), visiting Bali for tourism (80,3%), their first time in Southeast Asia (47,5%) and Bali (45,9%). Predominant diarrhea characteristics included 3-4 bowel movements per day (75,4%), loose stool consintency (59%) accompanied by abdominal cramps (41%), lasting 1-7 days (96,7%), a single episode (73,8%). Most managed Traveler’s Diarrhea (TD) with medication (63,2%) and continued their travels (80,3%), consumed vegetable salad (50,8%), consumed overnight food (91,8%), consumed raw meat (80,3%) and drank tap water (95,1%). This study suggest that Traveler’s Diarrhea (TD) is prevalent among foreign travelers visiting beaches in Badung Regency, Bali with key factors being the absence of pre-travel consultations, consumption of drinks with ice and vegetables salad. Keywords: Traveler’s Diarrhea, TD, Foreign Traveler, Characteristic

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Section: Related To Traveler's Diarrheamentioning

confidence: 66%

Characteristics of Traveler’s Diarrhea in Foreign Traveler’s Visiting Beaches in Badung Regency, Bali

Azizah,

Damayanti,

Sudarmaja

2024

Int J Res Rev

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“…Published literature on interventions to improve the involvement of tourism actors in travel health promotion is still limited. Most of publications so far have been observational studies focusing on the travel health-related knowledge, attitude, and practices of actors in the tourism sector [ 23 , 44 - 47 ]. There was an experimental study in Canada examining the effectiveness of a health promotion model in the form of providing brochures, pamphlets, and website to improve travel agents’ referral behavior to travel clinics for pretravel consultation [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Travel Health Education for Tour Guides: Protocol for an Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Research

Nopiyani¹,

Januraga²,

Wirawan³

et al. 2022

JMIR Res Protoc

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Background Tourists are at risk of experiencing health problems during their travel. However, even though tour guides have the potential to become travel health promoters, their participation has not been optimal. Objective This study aims to develop a comprehensive travel health education model to help tour guides improve health information delivery to tourists. Methods This is an exploratory sequential mixed methods research. The first phase consisted of a qualitative study with an informed grounded theory design. In-depth interviews were carried out with tour guides from all language divisions and policymakers of the Indonesian Tour Guide Association Bali Branch or Himpunan Pramuwisata Indonesia Daerah Bali (HPI Bali). The interview guidelines were developed based on the theory of planned behavior and identity theory. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically. In the interim phase, a travel health education model and questionnaire were developed based on the qualitative findings. The initial model and its instruments were finetuned after consultation with travel medicine and health promotion experts. Furthermore, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were tested on 30 tour guides. The second phase consisted of a quantitative study with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. A total of 76 tour guides in the intervention group received comprehensive travel health education, while 76 in the control group received no specific intervention. Outcome variables (ie, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, actual behavioral control, role identity, and behavioral intention) were measured at baseline (T0), after the online training (T1), before information sharing via WhatsApp (T2), a month after the start of the WhatsApp intervention (T3), and at the end of the WhatsApp intervention (T4). The mean difference of each outcome variable before and after the intervention will be compared between the intervention and control groups. Thereafter, the quantitative and qualitative findings will be integrated into a joint display. Results The qualitative phase was conducted through in-depth interviews with 21 informants who included tour guides and policymakers from HPI Bali from May to June 2021. The education model, educational materials, and questionnaire were developed based on the qualitative findings and consultation with experts. The education model consists of online training and information sharing through WhatsApp and was trialed with tour guides from November 2021 to February 2022. As of April 2022, this study is in the quantitative data analysis stage. Conclusions A travel health education model was developed based on qualitative findings and consultation with experts. The model was tested with tour guides, and a series of self-administered questionnaires were completed. This study is in the quantitative data analysis stage and will continue by integrating qualitative and quantitative findings into a joint display. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04961983; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04961983

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The role of travel agents in travel medicine—a study with agencies from São Paulo, Brazil

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Characteristics of Traveler’s Diarrhea in Foreign Traveler’s Visiting Beaches in Badung Regency, Bali

Characteristics of Traveler’s Diarrhea in Foreign Traveler’s Visiting Beaches in Badung Regency, Bali

Comprehensive Travel Health Education for Tour Guides: Protocol for an Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Research

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