The role of the rumen ciliate protozoa for methane suppression caused by coconut oil

Dohme, F.; Machmüller, Andrea; Estermann, Beda L.; Pfister, Pascal; Wasserfallen, Alain; Kreuzer, Michael

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00614.x

Cited by 110 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…In our concomittant in vitro study using the same plant material and methods (in press), STA showed at t ½ by 60% lower n-butyrate than the control CYN, which has been related to protozoa metabolism (Dohme et al, 1999). It is possible that the protozoa was more affected by STA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

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Evaluation of the effects of tropical tanniferous plants on rumen microbiota using qRT PCR and DGGE analysis

Longo¹,

Abdalla²,

Liebich³

et al. 2013

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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Tanniferous forages may have bacteriostatic and/or bactericidal effect on different rumen microbial populations. We investigated the influence of the tropical tanniferous plants Styzolobium aterrimum (STA), Styzolobium deeringianum (STD), Leucaena leucocephala (LEU), and Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia (MIC) containing 20, 64, 56, and 105 g condensed tannis (CT)/kg dry matter (DM) and Cynodon spp. cv. Tifton 85 (CYN) as control on Fibrobacter succinogenes and methanogenic microbes in rumen liquor from sheep using the in vitro gas production technique (Hohenheim gas test). The relative gene expression of F. succinogenes at t ½ (time point when 50% of the maximal gas production has been reached) analyzed by quantitative PCR was 0.20-and 0.28-fold lower than the control when LEU and STA was applied and 0.91-and 0.85-fold lower with MIC and STD. Methanogenic population was 0.29-and 0.58-fold reduced with STA and LEU compared to the control, but 5.50-and 1.43-fold higher with MIC and STD. At 24 h, F. succinogenes was reduced for all legumes as well as methanogenic bacteria, except for MIC which increased 4.15-fold. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the methanogenic community resulted in different band patterns: CYN presented some strong bands, which became weaker in the analyzed treatments. Some bands appeared weaker, especially in MIC and STD, but not in STA and LEU. MIC seemed to increase the total number of weak bands. Overall, the tannin-rich plants negatively affected the F. succinogenes population and caused changes in the structure of the methanogenic community.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…It is possible that the protozoa was more affected by STA. Interaction between methanogens and protozoa is well documented in studies with tanniferous plants (Wang et al, 1994;Hess et al, 2003;Abdalla et al, 2012), saponins (Hess et al, 2003), and oil (Dohme et al, 1999;Krause et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of the effects of tropical tanniferous plants on rumen microbiota using qRT PCR and DGGE analysis

Longo¹,

Abdalla²,

Liebich³

et al. 2013

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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“…A decrease in protozoa number by Supplementation of unsaturated fatty acid reduced the protozoan population in sheep rumen has also been suggested earlier 54 .It has been found that inclusion of CO in the diet caused reduction in protozoan number 55 . Decrease in methane production is also accompanied by reduction in the number of protozoa resulting from increased oil concentration.…”

Section: Protozoa Numbermentioning

confidence: 59%

An in vitro trial to study the effect of inclusion of different levels of coconut oil on sheep rumen methanogenesis and fermentation processes

Mukharji¹,

Srivastava²,

Srivastava³

2014

PBJ

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An in vitro trial was conducted in fermentation vessels under anaerobic conditions using composite feed-1 and composite feed-2 with inclusion of different levels of Coconut Oil (CO) along with buffered rumen liquor of sheep to observe the effects of oil on rumen methanogenesis and fermentation. The Composite Feed-1(CF-1) consisted of 40% of concentrate and Composite Feed-2 (CF-2) had 25 % of concentrate. The different levels of CO used were 0.5,1 and 2 µl/ml. Among the gas production and methane concentration parameters the inclusion of CO showed a significant decrease of 38.67%. A non significant effect on gas production was noted with the inclusion of CO in CF-2. Further, a decrease in total gas production and methane concentration was observed which was highly pronounced in CF-1 as compared to CF-2. The rumen digestibility by inclusion of CO in CF-1 and CF-2 decreased significantly (P < 0.01) from control.The inclusion of CO in CF-2 did not affect Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3 -N) concentration, while in CF-1 the CO inclusion increased the NH3 -N concentration. The inclusion of CO decreased the Total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration significantly (P < 0.01). In both the diets namely CF-1 and CF-2 the A:P ratio was unaffected by CO inclusion. The inclusion of CO in CF-1 had a non significant effect in pH. However, the inclusion of CO in CF-1 and CF-2 decreased the protozoa number significantly (P < 0.01). Inclusion of oil tended to decrease Gas production (GP), Metabolizable energy (ME), Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA), True Degradability of Dry Matter (TDDM) and Microbial Biomass Production (MBP). The effect was more pronounced when CO level was 1.0µl/ml or higher. From the above gas production and fermentation parameters noticed in two diets CF-1 and CF-2 with inclusion of different levels of CO, it can be envisaged that increasing the proportion of concentrate in diets and using CO as a feed additive increases the rumen efficiency by reducing the methane concentration and gas production.

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“…Likewise, saponin in S. rarak extract did not reduce the archaeal or methanogen RNA concentration either in vitro or in vivo studies (Wina et al, 2005a). Dohme et al (1999) also showed that methane suppression by defaunation is not accompanied by a reduction in methanogen counts. In most studies, methanogens have been measured using the anaerobic culture technique and cell counts of methanogens were measured as colony-forming units, or, methanogens have been measured using in situ hybridisation technique.…”

Section: Plants Containing Saponinsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In most studies, methanogens have been measured using the anaerobic culture technique and cell counts of methanogens were measured as colony-forming units, or, methanogens have been measured using in situ hybridisation technique. These studies are limited to the effects of various oils and individual fatty acid supplementation (Dohme et al, 1999 and2001;Hess et al, 2004). The methanogen cell count determination using culture-based techniques has the disadvantages of non-specificity and that not all microorganisms can be cultured (Makkar and McSweeney, 2005).…”

Section: Plants Containing Saponinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactivity of phytochemicals in some lesser-known plants and their effects and potential applications in livestock and aquaculture production systems

Makkar

Francis

Becker

2007

Animal

372

214

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Livestock and aquaculture production is under political and social pressure, especially in the European Union (EU), to decrease pollution and environmental damage arising due to animal agriculture. The EU has banned the use of antibiotics and other chemicals, which have been shown to be effective in promoting growth and reducing environment pollutants because of the risk caused to humans by chemical residues in food and by antibiotic resistance being passed on to human pathogens. As a result of this, scientists have intensified efforts in exploiting plants, plant extracts or natural plant compounds as potential natural alternatives for enhancing the livestock productivity. This paper discusses work on the effects of various phytochemicals and plant secondary metabolites in ruminant and fish species. The focus is on (i) plants such as Ananas comosus (pine apple), Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) and Azadirachta indica (neem) containing anthelmintic compounds and for their use for controlling internal parasites; (ii) plants containing polyphenols and their applications for protecting proteins from degradation in the rumen, increasing efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in rumen and decreasing methane emission; for using as antioxidants, antibacterial and antihelmintic agents; and for changing meat colour and for increasing n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid in meat; (iii) saponin-rich plants such as quillaja, yucca and Sapindus saponaria for increasing the efficiency of rumen fermentation, decreasing methane emission and enhancing growth; for producing desired nutritional attributes such as lowering of cholesterol in monogastric animals; for increasing growth of fish (common carp and Nile tilapia) and for changing male to female ratio in tilapia; and for use as molluscicidal agents; (iv) Moringa oleifera leaves as a source of plant growth factor(s), antioxidants, beta-carotene, vitamin C, and various glucosinolates and their degraded products for possible use as antibacterial, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and antipest agents; (v) Jatropha curcas toxic variety with high levels of various phytochemicals such as trypsin inhibitor, lectin, phytate and phorbol esters in seeds limiting the use of seed meal in fish and livestock diets; and the use of phorbol esters as bio-pesticidal agent; and (vi) lesser-known legumes such as Entada phaseoloides seeds containing high levels of trypsin inhibitor and saponins, Sesbania aculeate seeds rich in non-starch polysaccharides and Mucuna pruriens var. utilis seeds rich in L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and their potential as fish feed; Cassia fistula seeds as a source of antioxidants; and the use of Canavalia ensiformis, C. gladiata and C. virosa seeds containing high levels of trypsin inhinitor, lectins and canavanine. The paper also presents some challenges and future areas of work in this field.

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The role of the rumen ciliate protozoa for methane suppression caused by coconut oil

Cited by 110 publications

References 19 publications

Evaluation of the effects of tropical tanniferous plants on rumen microbiota using qRT PCR and DGGE analysis

Evaluation of the effects of tropical tanniferous plants on rumen microbiota using qRT PCR and DGGE analysis

An in vitro trial to study the effect of inclusion of different levels of coconut oil on sheep rumen methanogenesis and fermentation processes

Bioactivity of phytochemicals in some lesser-known plants and their effects and potential applications in livestock and aquaculture production systems

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