The Role of the Microbiome in Connective-Tissue-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease and Pulmonary Vasculitis

Drakopanagiotakis, Fotios; Stavropoulou, Elisavet; Tsigalou, Christina; Nena, Evangelia; Steiropoulos, Paschalis

doi:10.3390/biomedicines10123195

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Previous investigations of the microbiome and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have suggested that the microbiome may have an injurious effect on the progression [30,31] and acute exacerbation [32] of diffuse interstitial lung disease. A similar impact was found in connective tissue-associated interstitial lung disease [33]. However, despite several studies on the role of the lung microbiome in the pathophysiology and progression of diffuse interstitial lung disease, there is a paucity of data regarding the impact of fungi on the disease and its natural course.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Frequency and Distribution of Broncho-Alveolar Fungi in Lung Diseases in Martinique

Agossou,

Inamo,

Ahouansou

et al. 2023

JCM

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The microbiota refers to all the microorganisms living in and on the human body; its fungal component is known as the mycobiota. The molecular component (mycobiome) has been linked to certain pulmonary diseases. Morphological fungal examination is still common practice and makes it possible to isolate fungi on direct examination or after sample culture. This study aimed to identify fungi via the genus colonising the respiratory tract in our environment and to evaluate the relationship between identified fungi and underlying diseases. We performed a retrospective study of patients who underwent bronchofiberoscopy and mycological analysis of fluid collected by broncho-alveolar lavage at our centre over a period of 5 years. During the study period, 1588 samples from 1547 patients were analysed (50.7% male, mean age 63.7 ± 14.8 years). Among the 1588 samples, 213 (13.4%) were positive on direct examination, and 1282 (80.8%) were positive after culture. The average number of species detected per sample was 1.4 ± 1.1. For patients with positive fungus, the median was two (ranging from one to seven). At least three fungal species were isolated in 14.4% of samples (17.9% of positive cultures), and at least two were isolated in 41.2% of samples (51.1% of positive cultures). Sterile mycelium was observed in 671 samples (42.28%), while Candida was identified in 607 samples (38.25%), and Geotrichum was identified in 271 samples (17.08%). Moulds were more frequently associated with bronchiectasis, while yeasts were associated with infectious pneumonia. Both moulds and yeasts were less frequent in diffuse interstitial lung disease, and yeast was less frequently present in chronic cough. Although overall, sterile mycelium and Candida were most frequently observed regardless of the underlying disease, there was nonetheless significant variability in the fungal genera between diseases. Fungal spores are highly prevalent in respiratory samples in Martinique. The species present in the samples varied according to the underlying respiratory disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Frequency and Distribution of Broncho-Alveolar Fungi in Lung Diseases in Martinique

Agossou,

Inamo,

Ahouansou

et al. 2023

JCM

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“…Shortness of breath, frequently experienced by subjects after recovery from primary SARS-CoV-2 infection, could represent a clinical manifestation of the fibrosis secondary to chronic inflammation of lung parenchyma, leading to reduced total lung capacity. Such a condition is already linked to gut dysbiosis in non-COVID patients, as described in a recent review ( 90 ).…”

Section: Microbiota Dysbiosis In Long-covidmentioning

confidence: 75%

Gut and airway microbiota dysbiosis and their role in COVID-19 and long-COVID

et al. 2023

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The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in human health and disease. Gut dysbiosis is known to be associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory diseases and modifications in the immune response and homeostasis of the lungs (the so-called gut-lung axis). Furthermore, recent studies have highlighted the possible role of dysbiosis in neurological disturbances, introducing the notion of the “gut-brain axis.” During the last 2 years, several studies have described the presence of gut dysbiosis during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its relationship with disease severity, SARS-CoV-2 gastrointestinal replication, and immune inflammation. Moreover, the possible persistence of gut dysbiosis after disease resolution may be linked to long-COVID syndrome and particularly to its neurological manifestations. We reviewed recent evidence on the association between dysbiosis and COVID-19, investigating the possible epidemiologic confounding factors like age, location, sex, sample size, the severity of disease, comorbidities, therapy, and vaccination status on gut and airway microbial dysbiosis in selected studies on both COVID-19 and long-COVID. Moreover, we analyzed the confounding factors strictly related to microbiota, specifically diet investigation and previous use of antibiotics/probiotics, and the methodology used to study the microbiota (α- and β-diversity parameters and relative abundance tools). Of note, only a few studies focused on longitudinal analyses, especially for long-term observation in long-COVID. Lastly, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the role of microbiota transplantation and other therapeutic approaches and their possible impact on disease progression and severity. Preliminary data seem to suggest that gut and airway dysbiosis might play a role in COVID-19 and in long-COVID neurological symptoms. Indeed, the development and interpretation of these data could have important implications for future preventive and therapeutic strategies.

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“…It was highlighted that early-onset RA was associated with periodontal diseases. Infections with Prevotella species or P. gingivalis are trigger factors for RA, usually in ACPA-positive patients [ 95 , 96 , 97 ]. The reactions between bacteria and lung parenchyma influence the innate and adaptive immune system and induce autoimmunity via molecular mimicry, bacteria-induced autoantigen production, and immune regulatory reactions [ 98 , 99 , 100 ].…”

Section: Risk Factors For Ra-ildmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lung in Rheumatoid Arthritis—Friend or Enemy?

Anton,

Cardoneanu,

Burlui

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune condition frequently found in rheumatological patients that sometimes raises diagnosis and management problems. The pathogenesis of the disease is complex and involves the activation of many cells and intracellular signaling pathways, ultimately leading to the activation of the innate and acquired immune system and producing extensive tissue damage. Along with joint involvement, RA can have numerous extra-articular manifestations (EAMs), among which lung damage, especially interstitial lung disease (ILD), negatively influences the evolution and survival of these patients. Although there are more and more RA-ILD cases, the pathogenesis is incompletely understood. In terms of genetic predisposition, external environmental factors act and subsequently determine the activation of immune system cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, B and T lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and dendritic cells. These, in turn, show the ability to secrete molecules with a proinflammatory role (cytokines, chemokines, growth factors) that will produce important visceral injuries, including pulmonary changes. Currently, there is new evidence that supports the initiation of the systemic immune response at the level of pulmonary mucosa where the citrullination process occurs, whereby the autoantibodies subsequently migrate from the lung to the synovial membrane. The aim of this paper is to provide current data regarding the pathogenesis of RA-associated ILD, starting from environmental triggers and reaching the cellular, humoral, and molecular changes involved in the onset of the disease.

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The Role of the Microbiome in Connective-Tissue-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease and Pulmonary Vasculitis

Cited by 5 publications

References 76 publications

Frequency and Distribution of Broncho-Alveolar Fungi in Lung Diseases in Martinique

Frequency and Distribution of Broncho-Alveolar Fungi in Lung Diseases in Martinique

Gut and airway microbiota dysbiosis and their role in COVID-19 and long-COVID

The Lung in Rheumatoid Arthritis—Friend or Enemy?

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