The role of surfactant in controlling particle size and stability in the miniemulsion polymerization of polymeric nanocapsules

Zyl, André J.P. van; Wet-Roos, Deon De; Sanderson, Ronald D.; Klumperman, Bert

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.07.021

Cited by 47 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Our first hypothesis was confirmed and, for SM series, the N values increased from 4 76 × 10 12 (IC) to 7 68 × 10 12 particles · ml −1 (VC). The increase in the surfactant concentration can lead to the presence of free surfactant micelles in the formulation, 24 which could influence the number of particles in suspension. In order to verify the presence of SM dispersed in the aqueous phase, a density gradient experiment was performed.…”

Section: Polymeric Nanocapsules Prepared Using Different Sm and Cct Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained Release from Lipid-Core Nanocapsules by Varying the Core Viscosity and the Particle Surface Area

Jäger¹,

Venturini²,

Poletto³

et al. 2009

Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology

144

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Based on the structure of polymeric nanocapsules containing a lipid-dispersed core composed of caprylic/capric trygliceride (CCT) and sorbitan monostearate (SM), we hypothesized that varying the core component concentrations the drug release kinetic could be modulated. Our objective was also to determine the parameters which were responsible for controlling the drug release kinetics. The nanocapsules were prepared by interfacial deposition of poly(epsilon-caprolactone). Interfacial hydrolysis of indomethacin ester (IndOEt) was used to simulate a sink condition of release. Mathematical modeling showed that the IndOEt half-lives increased (198 to 378 and 263 to 508 min) with the increase in the core lipid concentrations, and that the release mechanism was the anomalous transport. By increasing the SM concentration, the diameters were constant (around 250 nm) and the surface areas increased (from 1 06 × 10 4 to 1 51 × 10 4 cm 2 · ml −1 ), while by increasing the CCT concentration, the diameters increased (215 to 391 nm) and the surface areas reduced (1 46 × 10 4 to 1 06 × 10 4 cm 2 · ml −1 ). The presence of SM increased the viscosity of CCT and the IndOEt apparent permeability decreased from 4 26 × 10 −7 to 2 54 × 10 −7 cm · s −1 , while for CCT series, the apparent permeability was constant around 3 0 × 10 −7 cm · s −1 . A mathematical correlation was established and the IndOEt apparent permeability can be estimated by the SM concentration. In conclusion, varying the CCT and SM concentrations the IndOEt release was controlled by the nanocapsule surface area and by the viscosity of the core, respectively.

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Section: Polymeric Nanocapsules Prepared Using Different Sm and Cct Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained Release from Lipid-Core Nanocapsules by Varying the Core Viscosity and the Particle Surface Area

Jäger¹,

Venturini²,

Poletto³

et al. 2009

Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The CHDF technique has been used successfully by researchers to analyze particle sizes in both emulsion and miniemulsion polymerizations. [14] Not only is the speed of analysis a great advantage, but the results can be used to qualitatively compare particle sizes as a function of ASR type and concentration. In this work, the effects of ASR type and concentration were evaluated by altering ASR type and by changing ASR concentration to monomer weight percentage, from 10 wt% to 30 wt%.…”

Section: Effect Of the Asr Type And Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14] To study the effect of ASR type and concentration, PCM nanocapsules were prepared by RFE polymerization using ASR as the surfactant and measured by CHDF. The CHDF technique has been used successfully by researchers to analyze particle sizes in both emulsion and miniemulsion polymerizations.…”

Section: Effect Of the Asr Type And Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core/Shell Structured PCM Nanocapsules Obtained by Resin Fortified Emulsion Process

Baek

Lee

Kim

2007

Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology

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Phase change material (PCM, octadecane) nanocapsules were successfully prepared by resin fortified emulsion (RFE) polymerization using the alkali soluble resin (ASR) of poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA) and poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) (SAA). Stable PCM nanocapsules were obtained by resin fortified emulsion polymerization, which could be attributed to the prevention of Ostwald ripening due to PCM being hydrophobic. Analysis of online FTIR measurements throughout the reaction confirmed that the nanocapsules contained octadecane as a PCM. TEM imaging of the PCM nanocapsules showed spherical and core/shell morphology. The characteristics of PCM nanocapsules can be controlled by process parameters. As a result, the particle size and particle size distribution (i.e., polydispersity index (Dw/Dn)) of the PCM nanocapsules were created by adjusting manufacturing conditions. The PCM nanocapsules exhibited thermal energy storage (49.8 J/g) and release (47.9 J/g) behavior.

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“…In the past decades, synthesis of polymer nanocapsules of active substance or hollow polymer nanoparticles has received tremendous attentions due to their potential applications in many emerging fields like drug delivery,1 dye encapsulation,2 catalysis,3 and biomaterial sensor 4. Many kinds of polymers such as polyelectrolytes,5, 6 polystyrene,7–9 poly(butyl acrylate),10 poly( L ‐lactide), polycaprolactone/poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers,11 and polyethylcyanoacrylate12 were used as polymer shell of nanocapsules for entrapping different materials in core. Due to the strongest C–F single bonds among organic molecules, low polarity, and good coverage of polymer main carbon chains, fluorinated polymers show many unique properties like low refractive index, high oxygen and CO 2 permeation, low surface energy, water and oil repellence, chemical and thermal stability 13–15.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Synthesis of Nanocapsules and Hollow Nanoparticles Consisting of Fluorinated Polymer Shells by Interfacial RAFT Miniemulsion Polymerization

Chen¹,

Luo²

2011

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Nanocapsules made of a cross‐linked poly(dodecafluoroheptyl acrylate) shell were successfully synthesized by interfacial RAFT miniemulsion polymerization. The well‐defined hollow fluorinated polymer structures were obtained by the subsequent removal of the liquid core materials. The core/shell ratio could be easily tuned up to 1:1 by changing the conditions. In the cases of high core/shell ratio of 1:2 and 1:1, the nanocapsules were severely deformed, which was improved by increasing the cross‐linker amount up to 30 wt.‐%. It was concluded that the utility of the interfacial RAFT miniemulsion polymerization overcame the thermodynamic and kinetic barriers in a conventional miniemulsion polymerization. magnified image

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The role of surfactant in controlling particle size and stability in the miniemulsion polymerization of polymeric nanocapsules

Cited by 47 publications

References 27 publications

Sustained Release from Lipid-Core Nanocapsules by Varying the Core Viscosity and the Particle Surface Area

Sustained Release from Lipid-Core Nanocapsules by Varying the Core Viscosity and the Particle Surface Area

Core/Shell Structured PCM Nanocapsules Obtained by Resin Fortified Emulsion Process

Facile Synthesis of Nanocapsules and Hollow Nanoparticles Consisting of Fluorinated Polymer Shells by Interfacial RAFT Miniemulsion Polymerization

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