The role of sub-ventricular zone in gliomagenesis

Piccirillo, Sara Grazia Maria; Sottoriva, Andrea; Watts, Colin

doi:10.18632/aging.100823

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…These resections reveal the presence of fluorescent cells not only within the tumor mass but also in the adjacent SVZ, thus suggesting the presence of malignant cells in the SVZ of GBM patients (33). Clonal analysis of the stem cell populations suggested a GBM evolution as a result of multiple, genetically diverse clonal and sub-clonal populations involving both the SVZ and the tumor mass (33,34). The role of the SVZ as a place of origin of GBM has gained strength because of the similarities between GSC and NSC of the SVZ (35).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evolution of Experimental Models in the Study of Glioblastoma: Toward Finding Efficient Treatments

et al. 2021

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Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of brain tumor characterized by its resistance to conventional therapies, including temozolomide, the most widely used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of GBM. Within the tumor, the presence of glioma stem cells (GSC) seems to be the reason for drug resistance. The discovery of GSC has boosted the search for new experimental models to study GBM, which allow the development of new GBM treatments targeting these cells. In here, we describe different strategies currently in use to study GBM. Initial GBM investigations were focused in the development of xenograft assays. Thereafter, techniques advanced to dissociate tumor cells into single-cell suspensions, which generate aggregates referred to as neurospheres, thus facilitating their selective expansion. Concomitantly, the finding of genes involved in the initiation and progression of GBM tumors, led to the generation of mice models for the GBM. The latest advances have been the use of GBM organoids or 3D-bioprinted mini-brains. 3D bio-printing mimics tissue cytoarchitecture by combining different types of cells interacting with each other and with extracellular matrix components. These in vivo models faithfully replicate human diseases in which the effect of new drugs can easily be tested. Based on recent data from human glioblastoma, this review critically evaluates the different experimental models used in the study of GB, including cell cultures, mouse models, brain organoids, and 3D bioprinting focusing in the advantages and disadvantages of each approach to understand the mechanisms involved in the progression and treatment response of this devastating disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evolution of Experimental Models in the Study of Glioblastoma: Toward Finding Efficient Treatments

et al. 2021

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“…1 ). Due to the self-renewing ability of these cells, the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle has been explored, in-vivo and with clinical MRI, as a role-player in gliomagenesis ( Piccirillo et al, 2015 ), cancer cell infiltration ( van Dijken et al, 2017 ) and patient outcome ( Lim et al, 2007 ) in high-grade gliomas. Previous studies have identified a contributing role of the subventricular zone of the third ventricle (TVZ) in NF1-associated OPGs, and animal model experiments indicate that stem cells distally migrate to the optic nerve; after which they differentiate ( Ono et al, 1997 , Tchoghandjian et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative MRI demonstrates abnormalities of the third ventricle subventricular zone in neurofibromatosis type-1 and sporadic paediatric optic pathway glioma

Boonzaier

Hales

D'Arco

et al. 2020

NeuroImage: Clinical

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“…Glioblastoma, a grade IV glioma, is the most malignant type of brain cancer characterized by high cell heterogeneity, diffuse brain infiltration, necrosis, high rate of cell proliferation, and resistance to current treatments ( 1 , 2 ). Despite aggressive, multimodal therapy consisting of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the outcome of patients with glioblastoma remains poor ( 3 ) with median overall survival time of ~15–17 months ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytic Fungus Isolated From Achyrocline satureioides Exhibits Selective Antiglioma Activity—The Role of Sch-642305

et al. 2018

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Glioblastoma is the most devastating primary brain tumor. Current treatment is palliative, making necessary the development of new therapeutic strategies to offer alternatives to patients. Therefore, endophytes represent an interesting source of natural metabolites with anticancer potential. These microorganisms reside in tissues of living plants and act to improve their growth. Evidence revealed that several medicinal plants are colonized by endophytic fungi producer of antitumor metabolites. Achyrocline satureioides is a Brazilian medicinal plant characterized by its properties against gastrointestinal disturbances, anticancer and antioxidant effects. However, there are no reports describing the endophytic composition of A. satureioides. The present study proposes the isolation of endophytic fungus from A. satureioides, extract preparation, phytochemical characterization and evaluation of its antiglioma potential. Our data showed that crude extracts of endophyte decreased glioma viability with IC50 values of 1.60–1.63 μg/mL to eDCM (dichloromethane extract) and 37.30–55.12 μg/mL to eEtAc (ethyl acetate extract), respectively. Crude extracts induced cell death by apoptosis with modulation of redox status. In order to bioprospect anticancer metabolites, endophytic fungus extracts were subjected to guided fractionation and purification yielded five fractions of each extract. Six of ten fractions showed selective antiproliferative activity against glioma cells, with IC50 values ranged from 0.95 to 131.3 μg/mL. F3DCM (from eDCM) and F3EtAc (from eEtAc) fractions promoted C6 glioma toxicity with IC50 of 1.0 and 27.05 μg/mL, respectively. F3EtAc fraction induced late apoptosis and arrest in G2/M stage, while F3DCM promoted apoptosis with arrest in Sub-G1 phase. Moreover, F3DCM increased antioxidant defense and decreased ROS production. Additionally, F3DCM showed no cytotoxic activity against astrocytes, revealing selective effect. Based on promising potential of F3DCM, we identified the production of Sch-642305, a lactone, which showed antiproliferative properties with IC50 values of 1.1 and 7.6 μg/mL to C6 and U138MG gliomas, respectively. Sch-642305 promoted arrest on cell cycle in G2/M inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, this lactone decreased glioma cell migration and modulated redox status, increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and enhancing sulfhydryl content, consequently suppressing reactive species of oxygen generation. Taken together, these results indicate that metabolites produced by endophytic fungus isolated from A. satureioides have therapeutic potential as antiglioma agent.

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The role of sub-ventricular zone in gliomagenesis

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Evolution of Experimental Models in the Study of Glioblastoma: Toward Finding Efficient Treatments

Evolution of Experimental Models in the Study of Glioblastoma: Toward Finding Efficient Treatments

Quantitative MRI demonstrates abnormalities of the third ventricle subventricular zone in neurofibromatosis type-1 and sporadic paediatric optic pathway glioma

Endophytic Fungus Isolated From Achyrocline satureioides Exhibits Selective Antiglioma Activity—The Role of Sch-642305

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