The role of strain rate during deposition of CAP on Ti6Al4V by superplastic deformation-like method using high-temperature compression test machine

Ramdan, Raden Dadan; Jauhari, Iswadi; Rakhshandeh, Hasan; Masdek, Nik Rozlin Nik Mohd

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2007.05.038

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Pre-treatment such as sand blasting process on the alloy substrate is also required to enhance the bonding strength (Kern, 1993). A combination of deformation in superplastic condition and coating process was reported in (Ramdan, 2008). Here, carbonated apatite was deposited using continuous pressing at elevated temperature, which can be considered as superplastic deformation-like method.…”

Section: Coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metals for Biomedical Applications

Hermawan¹,

Ramdan²,

Djuansjah³

2011

Biomedical Engineering - From Theory to Applications

173

125

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Biomedical Engineering -From Theory to Applications 412 visible under X-ray imaging. Most of artificial implants are subjected to loads, either static or repetitive, and this condition requires an excellent combination of strength and ductility. This is the superior characteristic of metals over polymers and ceramics. Specific requirements of metals depend on the specific implant applications. Stents and stent grafts are implanted to open stenotic blood vessels; therefore, it requires plasticity for expansion and rigidity to maintain dilatation. For orthopaedic implants, metals are required to have excellent toughness, elasticity, rigidity, strength and resistance to fracture. For total joint replacement, metals are needed to be wear resistance; therefore debris formation from friction can be avoided. Dental restoration requires strong and rigid metals and even the shape memory effect for better results. In overall, the use of biomaterials in clinical practice should be approved by an authoritative body such as the FDA (United States Food and Drug Administration). The proposed biomaterial will be either granted Premarket Approval (PMA) if substantially equivalent to o n e u s e d b e f o r e F D A l e g i s l a t i o n o f 1 9 7 6 , o r h a s t o g o t h r o u g h a s e r i e s o f g u i d e d biocompatibility assessment. Common metals used for biomedical devicesUp to now, the three most used metals for implants are stainless steel, CoCr alloys and Ti alloys. The first stainless steel used for implants contains ~18wt% Cr and ~8wt% Ni makes it stronger than the steel and more resistant to corrosion. Further addition of molybdenum (Mo) has improved its corrosion resistance, known as type 316 stainless steel. Afterwards, the carbon (C) content has been reduced from 0.08 to 0.03 wt% which improved its corrosion resistance to chloride solution, and named as 316L. Titanium is featured by its light weight. Its density is only 4.5g/cm 3 compared to 7.9g/cm 3 for 316 stainless steel and 8.3g/cm 3 for cast CoCrMo alloys (Brandes and Brook, 1992). Ti and its alloys, i.e. Ti6Al4V are known for their excellent tensile strength and pitting corrosion resistance. Titanium alloyed with Ni, i.e. Nitinol, forms alloys having shape memory effect which makes them suitable in various applications such as dental restoration wiring. In dentistry, precious metals and alloys often used are Au, Ag, Pt and their alloys. They possess good castability, ductility and resistance to corrosion. Included into dental alloys are AuAgCu system, AuAgCu with the addition of Zn and Sn known as dental solder, and AuPtPd system used for porcelain-fused-to-metal for teeth repairs. CoCr alloys have been utilised for many decades in making artificial joints. They are generally known for their excellent wear resistance. Especially the wrought CoNiCrMo alloy has been used for making heavily loaded joints such as ankle implants (Figure 1). Other metals used for implants include tantalum (Ta), amorphous alloys and biodegradable metals. Tantalum which has excell...

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Section: Coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metals for Biomedical Applications

Hermawan¹,

Ramdan²,

Djuansjah³

2011

Biomedical Engineering - From Theory to Applications

173

125

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“…In our previous study, an HA layer with good bonding strength was successfully produced when HA was superplastically embedded into Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The superplastically deformed titanium substrate can strongly support the embedded HA layer [22,[26][27][28][29]. Other studies on this subject indicate that the superplastically embedded HA layer remains strongly intact on the substrate surface even after the substrate is further deformed (SPD) at high temperatures without HA structure deterioration [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Bioactivity and mechanical stability of Ti–6Al–4V implants superplastically embedded with hydroxyapatite in rats

et al. 2017

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In this in vivo study, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used to investigate the bioactivity as well as the microstructural and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V samples embedded with hydroxyapatite (HA) using two different coating methods-superplastic embedment (SPE) and superplastic deformation (SPD). The HA layer thickness for the SPE and SPD samples increased from 249.1 ± 0.6 nm to 874.8 ± 13.7 nm, and from 206.1 ± 5.8 nm to 1162.7 ± 7.9 nm respectively, after 12 weeks of implantation. The SPD sample exhibited much faster growth of newly formed HA compared to SPE. The growth of the newly formed HA was strongly dependent on the degree of HA crystallinity in the initial HA layer. After 12 weeks of implantation, the surface hardness value of the SPE and SPD samples decreased from 661 ± 0.4 HV to 586 ± 1.3 HV and from 585 ± 6.6 HV to 425 ± 86.9 HV respectively. The decrease in surface hardness values was due to the newly formed HA layer that was more porous than the initial HA layer. However, the values were still higher than the substrate surface hardness of 321 ± 28.8 HV. Wear test results suggest that the original HA layers for both samples were still strongly intact, and to a certain extent the newly grown HA layers also were strongly bound with the original HA layers. This study confirms the bioactivity and mechanical stability of the HA layer on both samples in vivo.

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“…In the medical field, the low flow stress of superplastic titanium is beneficial in forming of implants. [5][6][7] Several methods exist for coating HA on a titanium alloy substrate. [8][9][10][11] The significant problem of coating is associated with the lack of adhesion strength between the coated layer and the titanium substrate, which is a critical factor in long-term stability of the implant material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implantation of HA into Superplastic Ti-6Al-4V: Kinetics and Mechanical Behaviors of Implanted Layer

Parast

Jauhari

Zaeem

2010

Metall Mater Trans A

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An implanted layer is produced by implantation of hydroxyapatite (HA) into superplastic Ti-6Al-4V. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the surface of the implanted layer is composed of HA and Ti-6Al-4V, and line-scanning analysis confirms a mutual elemental diffusion of HA and Ti-6Al-4V. According to the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, by increasing the implantation temperature, the thickness of the implanted layer increases. The bonding strength between implanted layer and titanium substrate is examined by conducting a friction wear test. Higher surface removal of an implanted layer is observed when as-received Ti-6A1-4V was used in the implantation process, which is an indication of higher bonding strength between implanted layer and superplastic Ti-6A1-4V. The effect of implanted layer thickness on the wear resistance is also investigated. The reduction in thickness of the implanted layer is more evident in thicker implanted layers. The results suggest that the adhesion between the implanted layer and titanium substrate is stronger than the cohesion within the implanted layer.

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The role of strain rate during deposition of CAP on Ti6Al4V by superplastic deformation-like method using high-temperature compression test machine

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Metals for Biomedical Applications

Metals for Biomedical Applications

Bioactivity and mechanical stability of Ti–6Al–4V implants superplastically embedded with hydroxyapatite in rats

Implantation of HA into Superplastic Ti-6Al-4V: Kinetics and Mechanical Behaviors of Implanted Layer

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