2014
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.12.014
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Abstract: The elastic stretch-shortening cycle of the Achilles tendon during walking can reduce the active work demands on the plantarflexor muscles in series. However, this does not explain why or when this ankle work, whether by muscle or tendon, needs to be performed during gait. We therefore employ a simple bipedal walking model to investigate how ankle work and series elasticity impact economical locomotion. Our model shows that ankle elasticity can use passive dynamics to aid push-off late in single support, redir… Show more

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Cited by 113 publications
(112 citation statements)
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References 51 publications
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“…2), consistent with previous studies (e.g. Siegel et al, 1996;Takahashi and Stanhope, 2013), which may undermine the energy-saving benefits of the Achilles tendon elastic recoil (Ishikawa et al, 2005;Sawicki and Ferris, 2008;Zelik et al, 2014). One possibility is that the foot absorbs substantial energy in rotation of the metatarsophalangeal joints (Bruening et al, 2012;MacWilliams et al, 2003), and that this dissipation is not beneficial to walking economy (Song and Geyer, 2011;Song et al, 2013).…”
Section: Key Scientific Implicationssupporting
confidence: 77%
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“…2), consistent with previous studies (e.g. Siegel et al, 1996;Takahashi and Stanhope, 2013), which may undermine the energy-saving benefits of the Achilles tendon elastic recoil (Ishikawa et al, 2005;Sawicki and Ferris, 2008;Zelik et al, 2014). One possibility is that the foot absorbs substantial energy in rotation of the metatarsophalangeal joints (Bruening et al, 2012;MacWilliams et al, 2003), and that this dissipation is not beneficial to walking economy (Song and Geyer, 2011;Song et al, 2013).…”
Section: Key Scientific Implicationssupporting
confidence: 77%
“…Elasticity of the Achilles tendon is typically credited as an energy-saving mechanism (Farris and Sawicki, 2012b;Lichtwark et al, 2007) that acts as the primary source of Push-off work at low to moderate walking speeds (Fukunaga et al, 2002;Ishikawa et al, 2005). Hip powering is often considered a less economical strategy because of the hip's muscle-tendon architecture (Sawicki and Ferris, 2009) and inability to effectively redirect the body during the step-to-step transition (Kuo, 2002;Zelik et al, 2014). However, we found ∼9 J of hip Pushoff work, which was significantly higher than previously estimated, and a non-negligible fraction of the simultaneous ankle work (∼23 J).…”
Section: Key Scientific Implicationscontrasting
confidence: 69%
“…3), angular displacement was reduced by as much as 40 deg, and peak power was substantially reduced during push-off ( particularly near 60% stride). The ankle moment trajectory was relatively unaffected despite the restriction, as it is governed by the forward progression of the center of pressure (Adamczyk et al, 2006;Bregman et al, 2011;Vanderpool et al, 2008;Zelik et al, 2014). While the constraints were generally effective in reducing plantar-flexor motion in a controlled manner, depending on their normal range of ankle motion and alignment of the AFO some subjects were relatively unaffected by the two least restrictive conditions.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Dynamic walkers are mechanical systems (or models), often devoid of actuators or controllers, which move dynamically in a stable cyclic motion that resembles human gait (McGeer, 1990). Dynamic walking simulations indicate that push-off by the trailing limb can preemptively accelerate the body's COM upward and forward during the step-to-step transition (Adamczyk and Kuo, 2009;Bregman et al, 2011;Kuo, 2002;Zelik et al, 2014). By redirecting the COM velocity, this push-off can reduce the collisional energy losses associated with landing on the contralateral limb.…”
Section: Com Accelerationmentioning
confidence: 99%