The role of seed coats in seed viability

Mohamed–Yasseen, Yasseen; Barringer, Sheryl A.; Splittstoesser, Walter E.; Costanza, Suzanne

doi:10.1007/bf02857926

Cited by 178 publications

(144 citation statements)

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“…A ocorrência de dormência nas sementes, provocando germinação lenta e irregular, pode causar restrição a um manejo eficiente na sementeira. Entretanto, para Mohamed-Yasseen et al (1994), a dormência também é reconhecida por proteger a semente das flutuações de temperatura, umidade e da incidência de microorganismos. O tempo médio de germinação foi de 45,5 dias, superior ao obtido em Lecythis pisonis, da mesma família, por Carvalho et al (1998) Dias após a semadura Germinação (%) Germinação (%)…”

Section: Germinação De Sementesunclassified

Biometria de frutos e germinação de sementes de Couratari stellata A. C. Smith (Lecythidaceae)

Cruz

Carvalho

2003

Acta Amaz.

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RESUMO -Estudou-se as características biométricas de frutos e quantificou-se a germinação em Couratari stellata, espécie cuja altura varia de 30 a 40 m e ocorre em solos de terra firme das Guianas até a região central e oeste da Amazônia. Determinou-se o comprimento e o número de sementes por fruto; número de sementes completamente formadas e de sementes vazias; o grau de umidade; a massa de 100 sementes; a percentagem de germinação, de plântulas anormais e de sementes mortas; e o tempo médio de germinação. A semeadura foi realizada em substrato de areia e serragem na proporção de 1:1, em quatro repetições de 50 sementes. Comprimento e número de sementes por fruto variaram de 59,0 a 97,0 mm e de cinco a 26 sementes. As percentagens de sementes completamente formadas e de sementes vazias foram de 93,3% e 6,7%, respectivamente. A massa de 100 sementes foi de 10,7 g com 56,8% de umidade. A germinação foi lenta e desuniforme iniciando-se aos 29 dias após a semeadura, atingindo a germinação de 82,5% aos 65 dias. O tempo médio de germinação foi de 45,5 dias. A percentagem de sementes mortas e de plântulas anormais foi de 17,0% e 0,5%, respectivamente. Não houve relação entre tamanho de frutos e número de sementes por fruto. Observou-se também que sementes de C. stellata apresentam dormência. Palavras-chave: dormência, tempo médio de germinação, biometria de frutos Fruit biometry and seed germination of Couratari stellata A. C . Smith (Lecythidaceae)ABSTRACT -This study evaluated the biometric characteristics of fruits and quantified seed germination of Couratari stellata, a 30-40 m tree species occurring on non-inundated soil from the Guianas to central western-Amazonia. The fruit length, number of seeds per fruit, number of completely formed and empty seeds, seed moisture, mass of 100 seeds, percentage of seed germination, mean time of germination, dead seeds and abnormal seedlings were evaluated. The seeds were sown in a substrate containing sand and sawdust (1:1), in four replications of 50 seeds. Fruit length ranged from 59 to 97 mm with five to 26 seeds. The percentage of completely formed seeds was 93.3% and empty seeds was 6.7%. One hundred seeds weighed 10.7 g, with 56.8% humidity. Germination was slow and not uniform, starting 29 days after sowing. Maximum germination, 82.5%, was recorded 65 days after sowing. Mean time of germination was 45.5 days. Percentage of dead seeds and abnormal plants was 17.0% and 0.5%, respectively. No relation was found between length of fruits and seed number per fruit. The seeds of C. stellata present dormancy.

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Section: Germinação De Sementesunclassified

Biometria de frutos e germinação de sementes de Couratari stellata A. C. Smith (Lecythidaceae)

Cruz

Carvalho

2003

Acta Amaz.

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“…It is therefore conceivable that seeds that readily imbibe water will not survive long in wet material filled with bacteria. In species with physical dormancy, seed survival in silage has been found to be positively related to the proportion of seeds that were still hard after three weeks in water (Westerman et al 2012), as impermeable coats protect the embryo from harsh environmental conditions (Mohamed-Yasseen et al 1994). Seed survival in the soil has also been partially related to seed coat thickness (Gardarin et al 2010), a feature that will protect from moisture variations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed seed survival in experimental mini-silos of corn and alfalfa

Simard

Lambert-Beaudet

2016

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Weed seeds present in harvested silage have to survive silage fermentation and rumen digestion before they are dispersed as a contaminant of manure. Therefore, producing crops that are ensiled could lower the seed dispersal of weed escapes. This study is aimed at evaluating the viability of seven weed species after storage in experimental mini-silos filled with corn or alfalfa. Nylon mesh bags, each containing one hundred seeds of a weed species, were inserted at random locations in mini-silos filled with silage corn or alfalfa and stored for one, three or six months. The experiment included five mini-silos per storage time as well as untreated seeds. Water imbibition by intact seeds was also evaluated to determine if it could be related with survival in silage. After three and six months of storage few seeds were viable in any treatment (<0.1% of all seeds tested). Differences between weed species and silage type were observable after one month of storage and could not be related to seed coat permeability as measured by water imbibition. Ensiling for three to six months, or more, could be used to kill harvested weed seeds. Further evaluations in commercial farm silos could be done to support results.Key words: seed viability, silage storage time, weed seed management.Résumé : Les graines de mauvaises herbes qui se retrouvent dans une récolte destinée à l'ensilage doivent survivre à la fermentation dans l'ensilage, et à la digestion dans le rumen, avant d'être dispersées en tant que contaminant du fumier. Ainsi, la production de cultures qui sont destinées à l'ensilage pourrait réduire la dispersion des graines produites par les mauvaises herbes qui échappent au contrôle phytosanitaire. Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer la viabilité de sept espèces de mauvaises herbes après leur entreposage dans des mini-silos expérimentaux remplis de maïs ou de luzerne. Des sachets de nylon contenant chacun cent graines d'une espèce ont été insérés dans une position aléatoire dans des mini-silos remplis de maïs ou de luzerne et entreposés pendant un, trois ou six mois. L'expérience comprenait cinq min-silos par temps d'entreposage ainsi que des graines non traitées. L'imbibition d'eau par des graines intactes a aussi été évaluée afin de déterminer si elle pouvait être reliée à la survie dans l'ensilage. Peu de graines de mauvaises herbes étaient viables après trois et six mois d'entreposage, peu importe le traitement (<0.1 % de toutes les graines testées). Des différences entres les espèces et le type d'ensilage étaient observables à un mois d'entreposage et n'ont pas pu être reliées à la perméabilité des graines, telle que mesurée par l'imbibition d'eau. L'ensilage pendant trois à six mois, ou plus, pourrait être utilisé pour dévitaliser des graines de mauvaises herbes ramassées avec la récolte. Des évaluations subséquentes dans des silos commerciaux pourraient être faites pour corroborer les résultats. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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“…The seed coat is a multifunctional organ that plays an important role in embryo nutrition during seed development and in protection against detrimental agents from the environment afterward (Mohamed-Yasseen et al, 1994;Weber et al, 1996). Seed coat-imposed dormancy in particular is part of the seed survival strategy of many species (Werker, 1981;Kelly et al, 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of the Testa on Seed Dormancy, Germination, and Longevity in Arabidopsis

2000

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The testa of higher plant seeds protects the embryo against adverse environmental conditions. Its role is assumed mainly by controlling germination through dormancy imposition and by limiting the detrimental activity of physical and biological agents during seed storage. To analyze the function of the testa in the model plant Arabidopsis, we compared mutants affected in testa pigmentation and/or structure for dormancy, germination, and storability. The seeds of most mutants exhibited reduced dormancy. Moreover, unlike wild-type testas, mutant testas were permeable to tetrazolium salts. These altered dormancy and tetrazolium uptake properties were related to defects in the pigmentation of the endothelium and its neighboring crushed parenchymatic layers, as determined by vanillin staining and microscopic observations. Structural aberrations such as missing layers or a modified epidermal layer in specific mutants also affected dormancy levels and permeability to tetrazolium. Both structural and pigmentation mutants deteriorated faster than the wild types during natural aging at room temperature, with structural mutants being the most strongly affected.

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The role of seed coats in seed viability

Cited by 178 publications

References 53 publications

Biometria de frutos e germinação de sementes de Couratari stellata A. C. Smith (Lecythidaceae)

Biometria de frutos e germinação de sementes de Couratari stellata A. C. Smith (Lecythidaceae)

Weed seed survival in experimental mini-silos of corn and alfalfa

Influence of the Testa on Seed Dormancy, Germination, and Longevity in Arabidopsis

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