The role of risk assessment and risk management in environmental assessment

Integration of the Standalone ‘Risk Assessment’ Section in Project Level Environmental Impact Assessment Reports for Value Addition: An Indian Case Analysis

“…"magnitude and complexity of the impact", "probability of the impact", and "duration, frequency, and reversibility of the impact" are defined. A framework for RA in the broader context of EA based on a modified version of Health Canada's model for human health RA and RM was proposed [34]. The framework proposed for the EIA of chemicals [35] in the context of registration, evaluation, authorization, and restriction of chemicals regulation affirms that even with limited data it is possible to move from risk indicators to impact indicators that are more relevant for the analysis of socio-economic aspects.…”

A Critical Review of Health Impact Assessments in Ontario's Nuclear Industry

“…Although the process of HRA is not outlined until subsection 2.3.3.1.2, it is of value to the current discussion to identify parallels between the processes of HIA and HRA. Harvey, 1990;Canter, 1993;Kwiatkowski, 1998;.…”

“…Since some concepts derived from the literature on both HIA methodology and evaluation would be inappropriately integrated into the HRA steps, but were entirely necessary, an additional section pertaining to HIA "process" best practice was added. This type of framework is not a completely novel approach, as other authors have prepared criteria to help integrate HRA into the EA process (Harvey, 1990;Canter, 1993;Kwiatkowski, 1998;.…”

Accounting precautionary measures in agriculture through pathway analysis: the case of the Environmental Farm Plan

“…They centre upon reducing the risk of environmental harm from agriculture based upon the use of various indicators of risk. Kwiatkowski (1998) observes that the absence of risk to the environment is an unattainable goal, but underscores the importance of understanding and advancing risk management strategies. He writes that "put simply, risk assessment is the scientific identification and essentially quantitative assessment of environmental hazards and the relative risks of various options.…”

“…Risk management is the process by which decision-makers integrate the results of the risk assessment with economic and socio-political considerations." (Kwiatkowski, 1998) In the Canadian context, Health Canada has advanced a risk assessment/risk management framework that includes: hazard identification, risk estimation, development and analysis of options, risk strategy, monitoring and evaluation, and decision making (Kwiatkowski, 1998). Attention has also been directed in Canada and the UK to the potential for agricultural policy decisions to influence the environment (Tzilivakis et al, 1999).…”