The Role of Regulatory CD4+ CD25+ T Cell Subset in Host Homeostasis during Protozoan Infection: An Overview

Ferrolho, Joana; Domingues, Neuza; Domingos, Ana

doi:10.18281/iti.2015.1.3

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(167 reference statements)

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“…28 It has been suggested that both the innate and adaptive parts of the host immune system cooperate to protect the cattle from T. annulata infection. 29 Following initial exposure to sporozoites, infected macrophages exhibit direct antimicrobial activity towards invading schizonts through the production of nitric oxide. 29 Nitric oxide inhibits the proliferation of schizont-infected cells and destroys the schizonts and T A B L E 1 Descriptive statistics and statistical significance of physical examination and haematological results between Theileria annulata-infected cattle (n = 10) and healthy cattle (n = 8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the T. annulata infection period, the immune response of the host animal is activated and directed against all of the parasite stages, including sporozoites, trophozoites, schizonts, and merozoites 28 . It has been suggested that both the innate and adaptive parts of the host immune system cooperate to protect the cattle from T. annulata infection 29 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following initial exposure to sporozoites, infected macrophages exhibit direct antimicrobial activity towards invading schizonts through the production of nitric oxide 29 . Nitric oxide inhibits the proliferation of schizont‐infected cells and destroys the schizonts and host cells to become apoptotic 30 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adaptive immune response is particularly critical in tropical theileriosis 3,29 . When activated, macrophages, natural killer cells, and gamma‐delta (γδ)‐T cells all release cytokines that influence the interactions among themselves as well as the interactions between macrophages and T cells 31 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adaptive immune response is particularly critical in tropical theileriosis. 3,29 When activated, macrophages, natural killer cells, and gamma-delta (γδ)-T cells all release cytokines that influence the interactions among themselves as well as the interactions between macrophages and T cells. 31 T-cell proliferation level stimulated by Theileriainfected cells has been shown to correlate with the T-cell stimulatory cytokine levels including IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6.…”

Section: Variables (Unit) Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circulatory cytokines during the piroplasm stage of natural Theileria annulata infection in cattle

Tümer

Kızıl

2023

Parasite Immunology

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The objective of the present study was to investigate the inflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokine response from a broad perspective in cattle with natural Theileria annulata infection. Ten cattle naturally infected with T. annulata and eight healthy cattle were included in this study. A total of 11 cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, and IL-17 were evaluated in serum samples using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.There was no statistical significance for serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-17 levels between the T. annulata infected and healthy cattle. In contrast, the median serum levels of IFN-γ (p = .023), IL-2 (p = .066), IL4 (p = .0016), IL-10 (p = .00087), IL-12 (p = .00018), and IL-13 (p = .023) were significantly higher in T. annulata-infected cattle than in healthy cattle. The results of the present study revealed that in the intraerythrocytic stage of tropical theileriosis, a very pronounced anti-inflammatory response occurs as well as an ongoing inflammatory process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Variables (Unit) Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Circulatory cytokines during the piroplasm stage of natural Theileria annulata infection in cattle

Tümer

Kızıl

2023

Parasite Immunology

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Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of Tams I gene of Theileria annulata in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Shah

Saddique

Khan

et al. 2022

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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Theileriosis is a hemoparasitic disease that affects a wide range of different animal species and is caused by various species of Theileria. This study aimed to determine the molecular epidemiology of Theileria annulata through microscopy and PCR, in crossbred cattle in some districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For this study, a total of 384 blood samples were collected from cattle in the Peshawar (n=120), Charsadda (n=94), Nowshera (n=84), and Swabi (n=86) districts. Microscopy and PCR were used to determine the overall prevalence of theileriosis, which was found to be 15.8 and 22.6%, respectively. Theileria annulata was detected in blood samples through PCR in the study area, and the target gene i.e., Tams 1, of positive samples was sequenced. The sequences in the current study revealed high sequence homology (ranging from 96 to 100%) with Tams 1 sequences of neighboring countries present in the NCBI database. Season, breed, age, and sex were found to be important risk factors among the several risk factors examined, whereas, among different clinical manifestations, lymphadenopathy showed a strong association with theileriosis. According to Cohen's kappa and ROC analysis, microscopy was proven to be a fair diagnostic test for detecting theileriosis in cattle, and may be used in combination with molecular techniques for screening a large number of animals.

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The Role of Regulatory CD4+ CD25+ T Cell Subset in Host Homeostasis during Protozoan Infection: An Overview

Cited by 2 publications

References 88 publications

Circulatory cytokines during the piroplasm stage of natural Theileria annulata infection in cattle

Circulatory cytokines during the piroplasm stage of natural Theileria annulata infection in cattle

Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of Tams I gene of Theileria annulata in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

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