“…To determine the role of riluzole in the differentiation of spermatogonia, we examined the expressions of GFRα1, PCNA, SYCP3, and TNP-1, key markers involved in spermatogonia proliferation and differentiation. Our findings revealed that a significant decrease in the expression levels of GFRα1 (which is associated with the self-renewal of SSCs (Shamhari et al, 2023)), PCNA (a marker for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (Fu et al, 2019)), SYCP3 (involved in meiosis (Miyamoto et al, 2003)), and TNP-1 (specific to spermatids (Della-Maria, Gerard, Franck, & Gerard, 2002)) after BSF treatment. However, treatment with riluzole, whether administered via intraperitoneal injection or intragastric gavage, significantly increased the expression of these marks (Figure 3A-D).…”