The Role of Poverty in Antimicrobial Resistance

Planta, Margaret

doi:10.3122/jabfm.2007.06.070019

Cited by 123 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Use of thirdgeneration cephalosporins, which appear to be an alternative for severe invasive disease and in children with infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or malnutrition in subSaharan Africa 2, 4, 26 is limited by its high cost in countries such as Mozambique. Factors such as incomplete compliance with antibiotic therapy, which is a well-known determinant of resistance in developing countries 14,15 and is thought to be common in the area; molecular mechanisms of resistance or the presence of genetic elements such as plasmids or integrons; 12,13 and migration, particularly to South Africa, which is common in this community, 27 may contribute to global high global level of resistance found in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Intrinsic factors related to the appearance of antimicrobial drug resistance also take into account diverse molecular mechanisms of resistance, including the presence of plasmids or integrons carrying genetic determinants of resistance. [12][13][14][15] However, data for antimicrobial resistance, especially regarding trends, remain scarce throughout sub-Saharan African settings. [8][9][10] In Mozambique, microbiology facilities are scarce and as a consequence, antibiotic therapy is mostly empirical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Trends of Bacteremia Isolates in a Rural Hospital in Southern Mozambique

Mandomando¹,

Sigaùque²,

Morais³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Antibiotic resistance in Africa is increasing but insufficiently recognized as a public health problem. However, there are scarce data for antimicrobial resistance trends among bloodstream isolates in sub-Saharan Africa. Antimicrobial drug resistance trends among bacteria isolated from blood of children < 15 years of age admitted to the Manhiça District Hospital in Mozambique during May 2001–April 2006 were monitored by disk diffusion. We documented a linear trend of increasing resistance throughout the study period to chloramphenicol among isolates of Non-typhi Salmonella (P < 0.001), Escherichia coli (P = 0.002), Staphylococcus aureus (P < 0.001), and Haemophilus influenzae (P < 0.001). Increasing resistance to ampicillin was also observed for H. influenzae isolates (P < 0.001). We report trends of increasing resistance among the most frequent etiologies of bacteremia to the most commonly used antibiotics for empirical therapy in this community. Quinolones and third-generation cephalosporines may be needed in the short term to manage community-acquired infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Trends of Bacteremia Isolates in a Rural Hospital in Southern Mozambique

Mandomando¹,

Sigaùque²,

Morais³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…8 In a focus group study, Mainous et al 9 found Latino adults, particularly those from countries with fewer restrictions on antibiotics, regularly took unprescribed antibiotics and were not aware of the potential problems. Patients often perceived it as easier to obtain antibiotics than go to the doctor especially when they believed the antibiotics would improve their symptoms.…”

Section: Antibiotics Without a Prescriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inside the March/April 2008 Issue and the Most Frequently-Read Articles in 2007

Bowman¹,

Neale²,

Lupo³

2008

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

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“…[5][6][7] Poverty contributes to the increase of AMR, as patients tend to share antimicrobials or use leftovers to treat infections. 8 Patients require counselling and education on the correct use of antimicrobials and the importance of hygiene to prevent AMR and to maintain healthy living. 7 Wide spread use of antimicrobials in the agricultural industry also contributes significantly to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%